1. Eptifibatide (DB00063) Approved and Investigational Drug
Chemical Formula: C35H49N11O9S2
Molecular Weight:
Synthetic cyclic hexapeptide that binds to platelet receptor glycoprotein and inhibits platelet aggregation.
Indication/Usage
For treatment of myocardial infarction and acute coronary syndrome.
Pharmacodynamics
Eptifibatide is an anti-coagulant that selectively blocks the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor. Eptifibatide is a cyclic heptapeptide derived from a protein found in the venom of the southeastern pygmy rattlesnake (Sistrurus miliarus barbouri). It belongs to the class of the so called arginin-glycin-aspartat-mimetics and reversibly binds to platelets.
Mechanism Of Action
Eptifibatide inhibits platelet aggregation by reversibly binding to the platelet receptor glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa of human platelets, thus preventing the binding of fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor, and other adhesive ligands. Inhibition of platelet aggregation occurs in a dose- and concentration-dependent manner.

2. Toxicity Metabolism Half-Life Clearance Categories Affected Organisms
Eptifibatide was not lethal to rats, rabbits, or monkeys when administered by continuous intravenous infusion for 90 minutes at a total dose of 45 mg/kg (about 2 to 5 times the recommended maximum daily human dose on a body surface area basis).
Metabolism
No major metabolites have been detected in human plasma. Deamidated eptifibatide and other, more polar metabolites have been detected in urine.
Half-Life
Approximately 2.5 hours
Clearance
* 55 mL/kg/h [patients with coronary artery disease]
Categories
Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors
Affected Organisms
Humans and Mammals.
Patents
Patent no , USA, approved: expired:
Patent no , USA, approved: expired:
Patent no , Canada, approved: expired:

3. Experimental Properties
Drug Interactions
DB01381 (Ginkgo biloba): Additive anticoagulant/antiplatelet effects may increase bleed risk. Concomitant therapy should be avoided
DB00775 (Tirofiban): Additive effects. Concomitant use is contraindicated.
DB00374 (Treprostinil): The prostacyclin analogue, Treprostinil, increases the risk of bleeding when combined with the antiplatelet agent, Eptifibatide. Monitor for increased bleeding during concomitant thearpy.
Experimental Properties
Hydrophobiity: -2.3
Targets
Integrin beta-3
General References
# Nguyen CM, Harrington RA: Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists: a comparative review of their use in percutaneous coronary intervention. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs. 2003;3(6): "Pubmed":
Brands
Integrilin by Schering-Plough/Essex

4. INTEGRILIN Formulation Used/Prescribed for Dosage Contraindications
INTEGRILIN Injection is a clear, colorless, sterile, non-pyrogenic solution for intravenous (IV) use. Its chemical name is N6-(aminoiminomethyl)-N2-(3-mercapto-1-oxopropyl)-Llysylglycyl-L-α-aspartyl-L-tryptophyl-L-prolyl-L-cysteinamide, cyclic (1→6)-disulfide.
Formulation
Each 10-mL vial contains 2 mg/mL of INTEGRILIN and each 100-mL vial contains either 0.75 mg/mL of INTEGRILIN or 2 mg/mL of INTEGRILIN. Each vial of either size also contains 5.25 mg/mL citric acid and sodium hydroxide to adjust the pH to 5.35.
Used/Prescribed for
Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS), Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI)
Dosage
Dosage in Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS): 180 mcg/kg intravenous (IV) bolus as soon as possible after diagnosis, followed by continuous infusion of 2 mcg/kg/min Dosage in 180 mcg/kg IV bolus immediately before PCI followed by continuous infusion of 2 mcg/kg/min and a second bolus of 180 mcg/kg (given 10 minutes after the first bolus)
Contraindications
Severe hypertension (systolic blood pressure > 200 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure > 110 mm Hg) not adequately controlled onantihypertensive therapy.
History of stroke within 30 days or any history of hemorrhagic stroke.
Current or planned administration of another parenteral GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor.
Hypersensitivity to INTEGRILIN or any component of the product (hypersensitivity reactions that occurred included anaphylaxis and urticaria).

5. Side-effects Drug-Interactions Reference
Bleeding, Intracranial Hemorrhage and Stroke, Immunogenicity/Thrombocytopenia.
Drug-Interactions
Coadministration of antiplatelet agents, thrombolytics, heparin, aspirin, and chronic NSAID use increases the risk of bleeding. Concomitant treatment with other inhibitors of platelet receptor GP IIb/IIIa should be avoided.
Reference
Guojie Ho, Antoinette Paone, Luciano Forni, Catherine De Tollenaere, Brice Bonnet, Christine Devijver, “Processes for preparing eptifibatide.” U.S. Patent US , issued February 16, 2006.