1. Spain Builds an American Empire
Chapter 4 Section 1

2. Goals and Objectives: Upon completion, students should be able to:
1. Describe the voyages of Columbus and other key explorers.
2. Describe the Spanish conquests of the Aztecs and the Inca
3. Identify the impacts of Spanish colonization on the indigenous population.
4. Trace the level of resistance to Spanish rule. by the indigenous population.

4. Columbus
Exploration causes the Spanish to establish colonies in the Americas

5. First Encounters Columbus reaches Americas in 1492
Thinking he was in the East Indies he names the people he encounters “Los Indios” – Indians
Actually landed on an island, most likely the Bahamas

6. Where’s the Gold???????
Unable to find gold, he claims the lands for Spain
1493 – sets out for another voyage to the Americas with a larger fleet
Spain sets up colonies – Lands controlled by a foreign nation

7. Exploration 1500 – Pedro Alvares Cabral claims Brazil for Portugal
1501 – Amerigo Vespucci identifies South America as a continent
1507 – German map maker names the new continent America

8. Vasco Nunez be Balboa reaches the pacific Ocean
1519 – Ferdinand Magellan leaves to sail around the world
1522 – Magellan is killed, but some of his men return to Spain

9. Spanish Conquer Mexico
Conquistadors
1519 – Hernando Cortes – Spanish adventurer – lands in Mexico
He and others became known as conquistadors – Spanish conquerors

10. Cortes Conquers the Aztecs
Cortez and 600 men reach Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan
By 1521, the conquer Aztec Empire
Superior weapons and disease wipe out Aztecs so quickly

11. Spanish conquer Peru Francisco Pizzaro Leads force to Peru in in 1532
Pizzaro kills Atahualpa – Inca Ruler – and defeats the Inca

12. Results of Spanish Conquest
Spanish men and Native women have children
Large mestizo – mixed Spanish and native – population
Encomienda system – Spanish force natives to work for them

13. Portuguese
Portuguese settle in Brazil during the 1530’s, begin growing sugar

14. Spanish Influence
Conquests bring large wealth to the Spanish and as a result they expand their Navy to protect ships carrying treasure
1513 – Juan Ponce de Leon claims Florida for Spain

15. 1540’s – Francisco Coronado explores Southwest, finds little gold
Catholic priests set up missions in Southwest
Early 1600’s, Spanish establish capital of Santa Fe

16. Opposition to Spanish Catholic priests object to treatment of natives
Spain abolishes Encomienda system in 1542
Need for workers causes African slave trade

17. Some native Americans resist Spanish conquerors
1680 – Pope’ leads rebellion against Spanish in modern New Mexico
Spanish driven out, but return 12 years later to stay