1. Unit 4 Notes: Respiratory System

2. (1) Anatomy Oxygen flows in through the following organs: Nasal Cavity
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea (going into the Lungs)
Bronchioles (inside the Lungs)
Alveoli (inside the Lungs)
Breathing is controlled by Diaphragm.

5. (2) Physiology The functions of the respiratory system are:
Bring oxygen gas into the body.
Remove carbon dioxide waste from the body.
Work with the cardiovascular system to exchange gases.

7. (3) Inhalation / Inspiration
Initially there is lower pressure in the lungs than outside.
Diaphragm contracts and pulls down.
Oxygen flows into the lungs.
The volume of the lungs increases.

9. (4) Exhalation / Expiration
Initially there’s higher pressure in the lungs than outside.
Diaphragm relaxes and punches up.
Carbon Dioxide moves out of the lungs.
The volume of the lungs decreases.

11. (5) Gas Exchange
Gas naturally diffuses from high to low concentration.
Oxygen Exchange 
Higher concentration of O2 inside the alveoli than in the blood.
O2 diffuses into bloodstream.
Carbon Dioxide Exchange 
Higher concentration of CO2 in the bloodstream than in the alveoli.
CO2 diffuses out of the blood and into the lungs.

13. (6) Bronchitis Bronchiole tubes become inflamed and full of mucus.
Individuals often have problems breathing, wheezing, coughing up phlegm, chest pain.
Causes:
Bacterial or Viral infection
Frequent inhalation of irritating gases or dust (smoking, working in a factory, etc.)

15. (7) Pneumonia The bronchioles become filled with pus and mucus.
Individuals will suffer fever, chills and flu like symptoms.
Causes:
Bacterial infection
Viral infection

17. (8) Cystic Fibrosis Disorder of the CFTR gene.
Organs overproduce thick mucus due to an overproduction of sodium.
Individuals die from malnutrition and/or suffocation.
No cure.

20. (9) Asthma Oversensitive bronchiole tubes.
Easily become inflamed and filled with mucus due to allergens.
Caused by genetics or over-inhalation of irritants.
Inhalers dilate the bronchioles to allow more air to flow in and out.

21. (10) Tuberculosis Chronic bacterial infection of the lungs. Airborne
Typical flu symptoms in addition to coughing of blood.
Treated with several rounds of antibiotics.
Tested for with a skin test and x-rays in severe cases.

22. (11) COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease)
Bronchioles become inflamed, weakened, and blocked by mucus.
Result of having several respiratory disorders repetitively.