1. Genocide and Secession
Sudan
Genocide and Secession

2. Africa’s largest country - about 1/4th the size of the USA
Sudan History
Africa’s largest country - about 1/4th the size of the USA
British colony until 1956
Islamic military government
Dictator: President Omar al-Bashir since 1993

3. Sudan North most productive agriculture capital city, Khartoum
Arab and Muslim

4. Sudan

5. Sudan South one of world’s poorest regions
predominately farmers and herders
few exports
follow traditional religions, a minority Christian
ethnically and linguistically diverse
Several civil wars in recent years
civil war: a war between citizens of the same country

6. North vs South
North tried to impose Muslim principles on the entire country
including repression of women
: North-South War
estimated 1.9 million Sudanese dead, mostly civilians
more than 4 million fled South Sudan
2 million died from famine
peace agreement between the Sudanese government and southern rebels signed in 2005
South allowed to govern itself for 6 years

7. Genocide in Darfur

8. Genocide in Darfur Darfur: region in western Sudan
2003: After years of discrimination and neglect from Arab Muslim national government, the region’s black Africans rebelled
Sudanese government + janjaweed crushed rebellion
janjaweed: “man or devil on a horse”
government backed militia
used murder, rape, starvation, and forced removal

9. Sudan Government Forces

10. Genocide in Darfur 480,000 killed
2.8 million in refugee camps, many in neighboring Chad

11. Genocide in Darfur
Dictator Bashir wanted by the International Criminal Court (ICC) for crimes against humanity
he is the only sitting president facing genocide charges
indicted in 2009 on 7 counts of crimes against humanity
2010: additional warrant issued for genocide
reelected in 2010 and 2015
continues to travel abroad

12. Secession
In 2011, the Peace Agreement ended when the South voted in favor of secession from the North
secession: to break away
99% of Southern Sudanese voted to secede

13. Secession Continued fighting with the North border disputes
cultural issues
control over oil fields
75% of former Sudan’s oil fields
refineries and pipelines in Sudan
reached agreement in 2013
UN has peacekeeping troops in place

14. Oil and gas production in Sudan

15. Secession Civil War in South Sudan border disputes started in 2013
between President and rebels
killed thousands
2.2 million fled their homes
tentative peace agreement in August, 2015