1. The Crusades

2. Causes of the Crusades Pope Urban II
Alexis the leader of the Byzantine Empire asked for help because the Muslim Turks were threatening to invade.
In 1095 A.D. at a meeting with nobles outside of Clermont, France Pope Urban II called for a “Holy Crusade” to gain control of the Holy Land.
Pope Urban II

3. Causes of the Crusades
Christian pilgrims were being refused free access to Jerusalem.
Crusaders would have their sins pardoned.
Many (especially second sons of nobles that were not going to inherit land) were greedy for new lands to rule and the rumored riches of the Holy Land.

4. Causes of the Crusades
Knights were bored because of the stability of the period made them unnecessary.
It was thought that the division between eastern and western Christian Church could be healed.

5. Pope Urban II: Calling for a Crusade

6. The Crusade of the Poor Date Leaders and Participants Major Events
1096
Leaders and Participants
Little Peter and common peasants
Major Events
Massacre of Jews in Europe to get supplies
The Crusaders were shocked by the wealth and beauty of Constantinople and start stealing everything!
Results
The Crusaders were slaughtered by the Ottoman Turks

7. The Slaughter of the Crusade of the Poor

8. Early Christian Crusades: East and West

9. The Christian siege of Jerusalem

10. The massacre of Muslims and Jews in Jerusalem

11. The Crusaders built European styles castles called “kraks” in the Holy Land to protect key land routes to Jerusalem.

12. The Knight Templar was created to protect Christian Pilgrims in the Holy Land.

13. The Knight Templar profited from the Crusades and became very wealthy.

14. Hospitallers were another elite Christian fighting force.

16. 2nd Crusade The Christian kings discuss plans to attack Damascus

17. The 2nd Crusade Date Leaders and Participants Major Events
Leaders and Participants
The French King Louis VII and a German king named Conrad III
Major Events
Declaring Jihad Muslim armies gained some land back, however Jerusalem was not taken.
Results
It was a draw!
Nothing really won or lost!

18. Godfrey of Bouillon

19. Saladin became the new ruler of the Muslim armies in 1169.A.D.

20. Battle of Hattin July 4, 1187

21. Battle of Hattin July 4, 1187 A.D.
Importance: A major turning point in the Crusades was when the Christian Crusaders were almost completely destroyed by a Muslim army led by Saladin on the July 4, 1187A.D. This battle led to the eventual recapture of Jerusalem by the Muslim armies and provoked the 3rd Crusade. The Battle of Hattin stopped major Christian expansion in the Middle East.

22. Chaos in Jerusalem!

23. Jerusalem surrendered to Saladin in October of 1187

24. The 3rd Crusade! Richard the Lionhearted

25. The 3rd Crusade Date Leaders and Participants
Leaders and Participants
Saladin-Muslim leader and Richard the Lionhearted
Major Events
Saladin captures Jerusalem in 1187.
Richard wins several battles but cannot re-take Jerusalem.
Results
Richard and Saladin create a truce for 3 years.

26. Christian Crusades: East and West

27. The 4th Crusade Date Leaders and Participants Results Major Events
Leaders and Participants
Pope Innocent III called for it!
Major Events
Pope Innocent III forced people to be Crusaders or they would be
Excommunicated
The crusaders conquered and looted Constantinople for 3 days in 1204.
Results
Big failure! Never made it to the Holy land.
The art and history at Constantinople was looted and destroyed.

28. The destruction of Constantinople in 1204

29. The destruction of Constantinople in 1204

30. The Children’s Crusade
Date
1212
Leaders and Participants
Nicholas a shepherd
Poor children!
Major Events
30,000 mostly German children starve, died in storms or were tricked by pirates and merchants into being sold as slaves in Tunisia.
Results
Big failure! Never made it to the Holy land.
Children everywhere learned that pirate strangers are bad!

31. The Children’s Crusade

32. The Children’s Crusade

33. “So you guys are pirates?”

34. 5th-8th Crusades Date Leaders and Participants Results Major Events
Leaders and Participants
Mostly French and German Kings.
Major Events
Crusaders try to invade Egypt, other parts of North Africa, and the Holy Land.
Results
All are failures except the 6th Crusade, in which Christians and Muslims sit down and talk. The Christian leaders were condemned by the Pope and excommunicated for not fighting.
Turks recapture Jerusalem in 1244.

35. French King Louis XI in captivity in Egypt

36. The Crusade of the Shepherds
Date
1255
Leaders and Participants
30,000 shepherds and peasants
Major Events
Caused a riot in Orleans, France.
Never gets organized to leave France.
More riots, maybe the shepherds did not trust the boat captains!
Results
Big failure, unless you were a shepherd who likes to riot with your sheep!

37. The Crusade of the Shepherds

38. A Crusader returning home.