1. CATEGORY THREE:
GOVERNMENT AND CITIZENSHIP

2. Signed on July 4, 1776
Written by Thomas Jefferson
He said we are all born with “Unalienable Rights”
Life, Liberty & Pursuit of Happiness

3. The Articles of Confederation
Major weaknesses:
*states had more power
*no executive or judicial branch
*not tax the people
*states could nullify laws they didn’t agree with!

4. The Northwest Ordinance
When a “territory” got 60,000 they could apply for statehood!

5. Shay’s Rebellion: showed how weak the Articles of Confederation really was!

7. The Constitutional Convention (Philadelphia 1787)
Article of Confederation
Northwest Ordinance
Territory ,000
Represented

9. The Virginia Plan
The New Jersey Plan
The Great Compromise
Three-Fifths Compromise

10. Magna Carta – 1215
Recognized that people do have certain rights such as a “trial by jury!”

11. John Locke: (English Bill of Rights!)
We are all entitled to natural rights, such as:
Life,
Liberty and
Property! Government gets its power from the Consent of the Governed!

12. From the 13 colonies Maryland Act of Toleration-1649
Mayflower Compact
(Self- Government)
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut (Church/State)
From the 13 colonies
Maryland Act of Toleration-1649
House of Burgesses
(Representative Government)

13. Federalists – For the New Constitution
Anti-Federalists – Against the New Constitution

14. Leading “Anti- Federalists” were Thomas Jefferson and Patrick Henry!!

15. THE BILL OF RIGHTS
Several states refused to RATIFY the Constitution until the
Bill of Rights were added.

16. Alexander Hamilton, James Madison & John Jay wrote: “The Federalist Papers!”

17. Constitutional Principles:
Federalism
Separation of Powers
Checks and Balances
Limited Government
Popular Sovereignty
Republic

18. Amendment Process
Must be passed by 2/3rds of the Congress and 3/4ths of the states!

19. Bill of Rights:
1st – RAPPS: Religion, Assembly, Press, Petition, Speech
2nd – Bear arms
3rd – No quartering act
4th – Unreasonable search and seizure
5th- Do not have to testify against yourself
(taking the 5th)

20. Bill of Rights:
6th – Trial by Jury in Criminal Cases
7th – Trial by Jury in Civil Cases
8th – No cruel & unusual punishment
9th – Power to the people
10th – Power to the states (Federalism)

21. FREE CITIZENS VOTE 13th 14th 15th Civil War Amendments:
13th – Ended Slavery
14th – Granted Citizenship
15th – African American men could vote
(Suffrage-voting rights)
FREE CITIZENS VOTE
13th th th

22. Supreme Court Cases:
1.) Marbury V. Madison (Judicial Review)
M&Ms = Jolly Ranchers
2.) Worcester V. Georgia (Cherokees)
3.) Dred Scott V. Sanford (slaves are property and African Americans not citizens)
4.) Gibbons V. Ogden – no monopolies!
5.) McCullough V. Maryland – Federal has more power than the States!

23. Colonial Grievances addressed by the Constitution:
John Peter Zenger (Freedom of Speech/Press)
Lexington & Concord (right to bear arms)
Quartering Act – 3rd Amendment

24. Citizenship
Civic Virtue is putting your country first, even at a great sacrifice to yourself!
George Washington was a great example of Civic Virtue!
Civil Disobedience is standing up for what you believe in, even if you may have to go to jail.
Henry David Thoreau was a great example of Civil Disobedience.

25. MAJOR POLITICAL PARTIES:
FEDERALISTS-Strong Federal Government
DEMOCRATIC – REPUBLICANS -Strong State Governments
WHIGS-Consisted of Wealthy Northern Business Men
DEMOCRATS-Consisted of the Common People
KNOW-NOTHING PARTY -Attempted to keep immigrants from getting jobs in America
FREE-SOIL-Attempted to keep slavery out of the Mexican Cession
REPUBLICANS-Started to put an end to Slavery. Abraham Lincoln was the 1st President from this party.