1. Case Revision The Nominative Case Shows the SUBJECT of the sentence.
e.g. dominus est iuvenis.
The master is a young man.
The Vocative Case
Shows that a person is being
spoken to. Only affects the
second declension singular.
e.g. domine! cave!
Master! Beware!
The Accusative Case
a) Shows the OBJECT of the sentence.
e.g. servus dominum salutat.
The slave greets the master.
b) To show how long something lasts for.
e.g. tres horas expectabam.
I was waiting for three hours.

2. Case Revision The Accusative Case (cont.)
c) Used with certain prepositions. The most important use is with “in”, as this shows that it means “into” or “onto”.
e.g. in aulam ambulavi.
I walked into the palace.
d) Used together with an infinitive to form indirect statements.
e.g. centurio dicit captivum effugisse.
The Genitive Case
a) Used to show POSSESSION.
e.g. villa domini ardet!
The master’s house is on fire!
b) Used to indicate quantity.
e.g. da mihi plus cibi!
Give me more (of the) food!

3. Case Revision The Genitive Case c) Used to indicate a quality:
e.g. est vir summae audaciae.
He is a man of the greatest bravery, (He is a very brave man).
d) Used to indicate value:
e.g. honores parvi aestimo.
I consider honours of little
[value].
Practice!
Copy and translate these. Give the case of the highlighted noun.
a) poeta minimae calliditatae est.
b) serve! ubi es?
c) nimium vini rursus bibi!
d) satis pecuniae numquam habes!
e) filius patrem adiuvat.
f) amicos prodidisti!
g) castra hostium oppugnabamus.
h) vir sexaginta annorum est.
i) scio hominem dormire.

4. Case Revision The Dative Case
a) Used to indicate the INDIRECT OBJECT . English often does this by using “to” or “for”.
e.g. pecuniam domino tradidi.
I handed the money to the master.
b) Used to show POSSESSION.
e.g. est tibi magna villa.
There is to you a large house.
You have a large house.
c) Used to indicate the subject of a gerund.
e.g. mihi fugiendum est,
Fleeing is for me!
I must flee!
d) Used to express “advantage” or “disadvantage”.
e.g. fur mihi omnia abstulit!
The thief stole everything from me!

5. Case Revision The Dative Case
e) The PREDICATIVE DATIVE is used in certain phrases with forms of “esse”:
e.g. rex odio erat.
The king was hateful.
e.g. faber auxilio erit.
The craftsman will be helpful.
f) Certain words are often found with the dative.
e.g. mihi, tibi, nobis, vobis, sibi
Adjectives Verbs
carus appropinquo
fidelis confido
similis credo
dissimilis faveo
impero
parco
pareo
persuadeo
placeo

6. Case Revision Practice!
Copy and translate these. Underline all dative nouns and pronouns.
a) legibus paremus.
b) servus ianuam nobis aperuit.
c) erat tibi nulla spes.
d) captivis parcere nolo.
e) templum vobis
aedificandum est.
f) iuvenis patri aurum tradidit.
g) medico confiditis?
Answers:
a) We obey the laws.
b) The slave opened the door for us.
c) You had no hope.
d) I do not want to spare the captives.
e) You must build the temple.
f) The young man handed over the gold to his father,
g) Do you trust the doctor?

7. Case Revision Practice!
Copy and translate these. Underline all dative nouns and pronouns.
a) legibus paremus.
b) servus ianuam nobis aperuit.
c) erat tibi nulla spes.
d) captivis parcere nolo.
e) templum vobis
aedificandum est.
f) iuvenis patri aurum tradidit.
g) medico confiditis?
Answers:
a) We obey the laws.
b) The slave opened the door for us.
c) You had no hope.
d) I do not want to spare the captives.
e) You must build the temple.
f) The young man handed over the gold to his father,
g) Do you trust the doctor?

8. Case Revision The Ablative Case
a) Used to show the agent of an action. English uses “by” or “with”.
e.g. gladio interfectus est.
He was killed with a sword.
b) Used where English might use “in”, “on”, or “from”.
e.g. Pompeiis Romam iter fecit.
He made a journey from Pompeii to Rome.
c) Used in comparisons and also to indicate the extent to which two things differ.
e.g. stultior fratre es.
You are more stupid than your brother.
e.g. multo stultior es!
You are much more stupid!
d) Used with these prepositions:
ab, cum, de, ex, in, pro and sine.

9. Case Revision The Ablative Case g) Used with certain adjectives:
e) Used to indicate the time at which something happened.
e.g. tertia hora revenit.
He returned at the third hour.
f) Used in ABLATIVE ABSOLUTES.
e.g. nave refecta, profectus est.
After the ship had been repaired, he set out.
g) Used with certain adjectives:
contentus
dignus
indignus
plenus
vacuus
e.g. cibo contentus est.
He is satisfied with the food.

10. Case Revision Answers Practice
Copy and translate these sentences. Underline the ablative nouns and pronouns.
a) milites hastis armati oppugnaverunt.
b) in Britannia habitabant.
c) nauta praemio dignus est.
d) quinto die profectus sum.
e) peritior te sum!
f) ponte deleto, transire non poterant.
g) me duce, urbem capiemus.
Answers
a) Armed with spears, the soldiers attacked.
b) They were living in Britain.
c) The sailor is worthy of a reward.
d) I set out on the fifth day,
e) I am more skilful than you!
f) Since the bridge had been destroyed, they couldn’t cross the river.
g) With me as leader, we will take the city.

11. Case Revision Answers Practice
Copy and translate these sentences. Underline the ablative nouns and pronouns.
a) milites hastis armati oppugnaverunt.
b) in Britannia habitabant.
c) nauta praemio dignus est.
d) quinto die profectus sum.
e) peritior te sum!
f) ponte deleto, transire non possunt.
g) me duce, urbem capiemus.
Answers
a) Armed with spears, the soldiers attacked.
b) They were living in Britain.
c) The sailor is worthy of a reward.
d) I set out on the fifth day,
e) I am more skilful than you!
f) Since the bridge had been destroyed, they couldn’t cross the river.
g) With me as leader, we will take the city.

12. Case Revision Final Practice! A review of all the cases!
Copy these sentences, adding the correct word, then translate them:
a) _______ amicum laete salutavit. (Quintus, Quintum, Quinto)
b) numquam ________ pulchriorem vidi! (puella, puellam, puellae)
c) servus, ________ impeditus, currere non poterat. (vulneris, vulnere)
d) _________ regina, Britanni rebellionem fecerunt. (Boudicca, Boudiccam)
e) _______, adiuva me! (Lucius, Luci, Lucem)
f) in _________ quam celerrime contenderat. (hortus, hortum, horto)
g) sexto ______ nuntius ad villam venit. (die, diem, dies)
h) haec puella multo callidior _______ est. (soror, sorores, sororibus)
i) totum templum _______ consumptum est. (flamma, flammae, flammis)
j) sunt _________ multae gemmae. (mercator, mercatorem, mercatori)

13. Case Revision Final Practice! A review of all the cases!
Check your answers carefully:
a) Quintus amicum laete salutavit.
Quintus happily greeted his friend.
b) numquam puellam pulchriorem vidi!
I have never seen a more beautiful girl.
c) servus, vulnere impeditus, currere non poterat.
The slave, slowed down by his wound, was unable to run.
d) Boudicca regina, Britanni rebellionem fecerunt.
When Boudicca was the queen, the Britons rebelled.
e) Luci, adiuva me!
Lucius, help me!

14. Case Revision f) in hortum quam celerrime contenderat.
He had run into the garden as quickly as possible.
g) sexto die nuntius ad villam venit.
On the sixth day, a messenger came to the house.
h) haec puella multo callidior sororibus est.
This girl is much more clever than her sisters.
i) totum templum flammis consumptum est.
The entire temple was consumed by flames.
j) sunt mercatori multae gemmae.
The merchant has many gems.

15. Longer Sentences amicum meum in taberna vidi.
amicus meus erat gladiator notissimus.
amicum meum, qui erat gladiator notissimus, in taberna vidi.

16. Longer Sentences iuvenem numquam antea vidi.
iuvenis erat gladiator notissimus.
iuvenis erat gladiator notissimus, eum numquam antea vidi.

17. Longer Sentences cenam parabis. te verberabo.
si cenam non paraveris, te verberabo.

18. Longer Sentences dux milites ad oppidum emisit. milites panem emebant.
dux milites ad oppidum emisit ut panem emerent.