1. Lesson 6.1: Tighter British Control

2. Essential Question
Which measures did Britain put into place to control the Colonies, and how did they respond to these measures?

3. Focus Questions
By 1763, why did the British need revenue from the colonies?
What did the Proclamation of 1763 decree? (answer in chart)
How did the colonists react to the Proclamation of 1763? (answer in chart)
What did the Quartering Act impose upon the colonists? (answer in chart)
How did the colonists react to the Quartering Act? (answer in chart)
What did the Sugar Act impose upon the colonists? (answer in chart)

4. Focus Questions
How did the colonists react to the Sugar Act? (answer in chart)
What did the Stamp Act impose upon the colonists? (answer in chart)
How did the colonists react to the Stamp Act? (answer in chart)
What did the Declaratory Act decree? (answer in chart)
How did the colonists react to the Declaratory Act? (answer in chart)

5. Vocabulary
King George III – The British monarch who wanted to enforce the Proclamation and keep peace with British Native American allies.
The Quartering Act – A cost saving measure imposed by Great Britain requiring the colonists to house British soldiers.
Revenue – income a government collects to cover expenses.
The sugar Act – A law passed by Parliament placing a tax on sugar, molasses, and other products shipped to the colonies.

6. Vocabulary
The Stamp Act – A law passed by Parliament requiring that all legal documents carry an official stamp showing that a tax had been paid.
Patrick Henry – A colonist who was a member of Virginia’s House of Burgesses who called for public resistance to Britain’s Stamp Act.
Boycott – A refusal to buy certain goods
Sons of Liberty – A group of colonists who formed a secret society to oppose British policies at the time of the American Revolution

7. What We Already Know
More than 200 years before Columbus discovered America, British subjects under the Magna Carta of 1215 could not be taxed without the consent of their elected representatives in Parliament.

8. What We Already Know
Prior to the French and Indian War, self-government in the American colonies was taking root. The colonies were pretty
much left alone through a practice that became known as salutary neglect.

9. What We Already Know
By the late 1600s, French explorers had claimed the Ohio River valley, the Mississippi River valley, and the entire Great Lakes region.

10. What We Already Know
Between 1754 and 1763, Britain fought France in the French and Indian War. Under the Treaty of Paris, Britain , gained control of all the land in North America east of the Mississippi

11. What We Already Know
After the French and Indian war settlers began moving across the mountains
onto Native
American land.
Indians began
attacking the
settlers and
British soldiers
were called in
to defend the colonists.

12. The Colonies and Britain Grow Apart
There was a growing opinion in Parliament that the cost of the French and Indian War and defending the frontier should be paid for by the colonists.

13. Preventing Indian uprisings
Britain's Problem
Britain's Solution
Colonists’ Reaction
Preventing Indian uprisings

14. The Proclamation of 1763
Parliament began to reassert its authority over the colonies with the Proclamation Line Act of 1763, which banned any new settlements west of the Appalachians.

15. The Proclamation of 1763
By their participation in the French and Indian War the colonists felt they had earned the right to expand westward. The act caused tensions to grow between Parliament and the American colonists.

16. The Proclamation of 1763
Tension continued to build when many colonists decided to ignore the law and settled the area anyway. This angered the British government because the colonists were putting themselves at risk, and still refused to pay for their own defense.

17. Britain's Problem Britain's Solution Colonists’ Reaction
Preventing Indian uprisings
Proclamation of 1763 – banned settlement west of the Appalachians
Anger; many simply ignored the law and moved west anyway

18. British Troops and Taxes
In order to enforce the Proclamation Line Act of 1763 and to maintain the peace, King George III decided to keep 10,000 soldiers in the colonies, which would be very expensive.

19. Britain's Problem Britain's Solution Colonists’ Reaction
Preventing Indian uprisings
Proclamation of 1763 – banned settlement west of the Appalachians
Anger; many simply ignored the law and moved west anyway
Providing for soldiers who keep the peace in the colonies

20. British Troops and Taxes
In 1765, Parliament passed the Quartering Act, which required colonists to give food and housing to British troops. Colonists could take them into their homes or pay for the construction of barracks for the soldiers. The colonists were very angry and complained to each other.

21. Britain's Problem Britain's Solution Colonists’ Reaction
Preventing Indian uprisings
Proclamation of 1763 – banned settlement west of the Appalachians
Anger; many simply ignored the law and moved west anyway
Providing for soldiers who keep the peace in the colonies
Quartering Act – colonists must house & feed British soldiers
Anger and resentment; complained to each other

22. Britain's Problem Britain's Solution Colonists’ Reaction
Preventing Indian uprisings
Proclamation of 1763 – banned settlement west of the Appalachians
Anger; many simply ignored the law and moved west anyway
Providing for soldiers who keep the peace in the colonies
Quartering Act – colonists must house & feed British soldiers
Anger and resentment; complained to each other
Paying for war debts

23. British Troops and Taxes
To help raise revenue In 1764, Parliament passed the Sugar Act, which levied a tax on sugar, molasses, and certain other imports. This was the first tax passed by the Parliament without asking for the approval of colonial governments.

24. British Troops and Taxes
The Sugar Act also called for strict enforcement of the act and harsh punishment of smugglers.
Colonial merchants, who often traded in smuggled goods, reacted with anger.
Smuggling continued, and even increased in some areas.

25. Colonists’ Reaction to the Sugar Act
Colonists were quick to complain to Parliament about the unfairness of the tax.

26. Britain's Problem Britain's Solution Colonists’ Reaction
Preventing Indian uprisings
Proclamation of 1763 – banned settlement west of the Appalachians
Anger; many simply ignored the law and moved west anyway
Providing for soldiers who keep the peace in the colonies
Quartering Act – colonists must house & feed British soldiers
Anger and resentment; complained to each other
Paying for war debts
Sugar Act – tax on sugar, molasses, harsh punishment for smuggling
Smuggling increased; complained to Parliament

27. Colonists’ Reaction to the Sugar Act
Colonial leader James Otis Jr. claimed that Parliament had no right to tax the colonies, since the colonists were not represented in Parliament . He summed up his argument by declaring, “Taxation without representation is tyranny!”

28. Colonists’ Reaction to the Sugar Act
British finance minister George Grenville disagreed, saying that the colonists were subjects of Britain, and enjoyed the protection of its laws and were therefore subject to taxation.

29. The Stamp Act of 1765
In order to raise additional revenue, Parliament enacted The Stamp Act in It required colonists to buy and place stamps on many legal documents such as diplomas, contracts, and newspapers proving a tax had been paid.

30. The Stamp Act of 1765
While the Sugar Act had mainly affected merchants and importers, the
Stamp Act affected
all colonists
directly.

31. Protests Against the Stamp Act
The people took to the streets in protest. “No taxation without representation” was the colonial battle cry. The colonists insisted that only the colonial assemblies, and not Parliament, could tax the colonies.

32. Protests Against the Stamp Act
Delegates from nine colonies met in New York City (the Stamp Act Congress) and drew up a petition of protest to the king.
This was the first time the colonies united together in protest.

33. Colonial Merchants Protested
Colonial merchants protested against the Stamp Act by conducting a boycott
of British goods by refusing to buy or sell any British merchandise.

34. Colonial Merchants Protested
Secret groups, such as the Sons of Liberty, formed and began to organize protests against British policies. Not all their protests were peaceful. At times they would humiliate customs officials and parade them through the streets.

35. Anger; many simply ignored the law and moved west anyway
Britain's Problem
Britain's Solution
Colonists’ Reaction
Preventing Indian uprisings
Proclamation of 1763 – banned settlement west of the Appalachians
Anger; many simply ignored the law and moved west anyway
Providing for soldiers who keep the peace in the colonies
Quartering Act (1765) colonists must house & feed British soldiers
Anger and resentment; complained to each other
Paying for war debts
Sugar Act (1764) tax on sugar, molasses & other imports
Smuggling increased; complained to Parliament
Law official stamp had to be on legal documents proving a tax was paid
Stamp Act (1765)
Boycotts and protests; Stamp Act Congress assembled Petition to the King

36. Repeal of the Stamp Act
Merchants in Britain, whose trade had been hurt by the boycotts, began to complain to Parliament.
Under pressure from both home and the colonies, Parliament repealed the Stamp Act in 1766.

37. The Declaratory Act At the same time,
Parliament repealed the Stamp Act, they passed the Declaratory Act which stated that “Parliament has the supreme right to govern and tax the colonies!”

38. Britain's Problem Britain's Solution Colonists’ Reaction
Preventing Indian uprisings
Proclamation of 1763 – banned settlement west of the Appalachians
Anger; many simply ignored the law and moved west anyway
Providing for soldiers who keep the peace in the colonies
Quartering Act (1765) colonists must house & feed British soldiers
Anger and resentment; complained to each other
Paying for war debts
Sugar Act (1764) tax on sugar, molasses & other imports
Smuggling increased; complained to Parliament
Maintain control over the colonies
Declaratory Act (1766)
Parliament has supreme right to govern and tax the colonies
Boycotts and protests; Stamp Act Congress assembled
Stamp Act (1765)

39. Reaction to the Declaratory Act
Colonists celebrated the repeal of the Stamp Act. For the most part they ignored
the Declaratory Act. All the while tension continued to grow.

40. Britain's Problem Britain's Solution Colonists’ Reaction
Preventing Indian uprisings
Proclamation of 1763 – banned settlement west of the Appalachians
Anger; many simply ignored the law and moved west anyway
Providing for soldiers who keep the peace in the colonies
Quartering Act (1765) colonists must house & feed British soldiers
Anger and resentment; complained to each other
Paying for war debts
Sugar Act (1764) tax on sugar, molasses & other imports
Smuggling increased; complained to Parliament
Maintain control over the colonies
Declaratory Act (1766)
Parliament has supreme right to govern and tax the colonies
Boycotts and protests; Stamp Act Congress assembled
Stamp Act (1765)
Celebrated the repeal of the Stamp Act, ignoring the Declaratory Act