1. Discovery, Exploration, & Commerce

2. Motives

3. Motives for Exploration
God
Gold
Glory

4. Motives #1 – GOD The CHURCH wanted to: Stop the spread of Islam
Spread Christianity

5. Motive #2 – GOLD MERCHANTS wanted to:
Find new trade routes to the East
Make a profit

6. Motive #3 – GLORY EUROPEANS wanted to:
Establish colonies & trading posts throughout the world (competition between nations)

7. New Technology

8. New Technology Astrolabe:
An astronomical instrument that was used to determine latitude

9. New Technology Triangular Sails:
Sails that allowed ships to sail AGAINST the wind
Cartography Improvement:
Increasingly precise maps

10. New Technology The Caravel: A small, sturdy & highly maneuverable ship
Proved to be more effective than previous vessels

11. The Race is On!

12. The Race is On!
At the time the Portuguese were most advanced in terms of new sailing technology
Began a national rivalry between Portugal & Spain

13. The Race is On! Line of Demarcation (1493):
An imaginary line of longitude that was established to divide lands claimed by Portugal from those claimed by Spain
Intended to maintain peace

14. The Race is On! Treaty of Tordesillas (1494):
Moved the Line of Demarcation further to the West due to Portuguese complaints

15. The Impact of Exploration

16. #1 – The Triangular Trade

17. #1 – The Triangular Trade
Europe – Africa: weapons, rum & cloth
Africa – Americas: slaves
Americas – Europe: sugar, molasses, cotton, tobacco

18. #2 – The Middle Passage
Second leg of the Triangle Trade; to 12 week voyage
Tiny spaces, chained together
Darkness, stench, heat
1 in 5 did not survive

19. #2 – The Middle Passage Died of disease, suffocation or suicide
20 – 30 million people taken from Africa

20. Diagram of Slave Ship

22. #3 – Joint Stock Companies
Merchants who wanted to invest in exploration formed Joint Stock Companies
Raised money by combining resources with other merchants

23. #3 – Joint Stock Companies
Allowed large & small investors to share the profits & risks of exploration voyages

24. #4 – Mercantilism
Belief that a nation’s power depended directly on its wealth; amount of gold/silver it possessed
Goal of every nation was to become as wealthy as possible

25. #5 – Colonial Development
European nations established colonies to gain power & wealth, as well as to make the “mother country” self sufficient

26. #6 – Columbian Exchange
The Columbian Exchange refers to global transfer of plants, animals, diseases and technology between the “Old” and “New” Worlds
Transformed European and Native American ways of life

27. #6 – Columbian Exchange

28. America: Asia: Europe: Africa: Potato Corn Turkey Chili Pepper
Chocolate
Pineapple
Blueberry
Pumpkin
Asia:
Rice
Tea
Spices
Sugarcane
Soybean
Coconut
Eggplant
Citrus Fruit
Europe:
Cattle
Horse
Wheat
Sugar
Onion
Olive
Beef
Cabbage
Citrus Fruit
Africa:
Banana
Rice
Plantain
Yam
Okra
Pepper
Coffee
Where did it come from?

29. SMALLPOX

30. Ticket out the door Think of your favorite meal
List all the ingredients needed to create that meal (on your ticket)
Label those ingredients ‘Old World’ or ‘New World’
When finished, determine whether anyone on earth could have enjoyed that meal prior to 1492! Record your answer on the ticket.