1. Image from: http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/motm/trimethylamine/fish.gif
Fish Dissection
Image from:

3. NOTOCHORD Notochord: flexible rod
Helps organize developing cells in embryo
Replaced by spinal cord in most vertebrates

4. DORSAL NERVE CORD Spinal cord forms along dorsal side
Images from:

5. PHARYNGEAL POUCHES Become gills in some vertebrates
Become back of throat and inner ears in humans

6. POST ANAL TAIL

8. CHORDATES:
NOTOCHORD
PHARYNGEAL POUCHES POST ANAL TAIL
DORSAL NERVE CORD
VERTEBRATES:
ALL CHORDATE CHARACTERISTICS PLUS:
Bones or cartilage around a dorsal nerve cord Cranium (skull) to protect brain
Endoskeleton made of bone or cartilage
Closed circulatory system Ventral heart

9. Images from:

10. Scientists believe other vertebrates evolved from BONY LOBE-FINNED fish

11. BONY FISH
CHARACTERISTICS
Endoskeleton of bone Scales & fins
Lungs or swim bladder

12. ENDOSKELETON

13. FISH ANIMALIA CHORDATA VERTEBRATA “backbone” OSTEICHTHYES “bony fish”
LATIN meaning
KINGDOM _____________
PHYLUM ____________________________
SUBPHYLUM ___________________________
CLASS _______________________________
ANIMALIA
CHORDATA
VERTEBRATA “backbone”
OSTEICHTHYES “bony fish”

14. DORSAL
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
VENTRAL
CEPHALIZATION
BILATERAL SYMMETRY

15. Integumentary Scales- decrease water resistance
protection growth rings increase with age

16. Coloration-darker on top/lighter on bottom
Body Shape-streamlined
RAYS- protection from predators

17. OPERCULUM OPERCULUM Water goes: in through mouth out through slit
behind operculum

18. Nostrils-dead end pocket
smell-important
Eye-no eyelid
Mouth-teeth don’t chew
Ears- not external

19. Anterior Dorsal
Posterior Dorsal
Pectoral
Caudal
Anal
Pelvic

20. PELVIC FINS

21. LATERAL LINE
Sensory-vibrations & water pressure

22. ANUS exit for digestive waste
UROGENITAL OPENING (PORE) exit for urine & eggs or sperm

23. INTERNAL STRUCTURES

24. RESPIRATORY
Gill Arch (RAKERS)
Gill Filaments

25. COUNTERCURRENT FLOW

26. COUNTERCURRENT FLOW

27. FUNCTIONS OF GILLS Gas exchange Excrete Nitrogen waste as ammonia
OSMOREGULATION regulate ion/water balance

28. HYPER, HYPO, ISOTONIC?

33. Image from: http://www.bio200.buffalo.edu/labs/tutor/Perch/Perch.html

34. Image from: http://www.bio200.buffalo.edu/labs/tutor/Perch/Perch.html

35. OVARY

37. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

38. LIVER (improved digestive gland)
Makes bile used by intestine Stores glycogen
Stores vitamins (especially oil soluble ones- A & D)
Processes TOXINS (including nitrogen waste made by cells)
GALL BLADDER
Stores bile made by liver

39. PANCREAS 1. MAKES TRYPSIN for intestine (digests proteins)
2. MAKES hormones to regulate blood sugar
INSULIN (cells take up & store glucose) GLUCAGON (cells release stored glucose to blood)

42. PYLORIC CAECA

43. HEART

45. SINGLE loop CLOSED circulation

46. SPLEEN- produces new RBC’s destroys old worn out RBC’s
stores RBC’s for release in low oxygen

47. UROGENITAL PORE

48. BRAIN
Image modified from:

49. BRAIN
OPTIC TECTUM
Receives and processes info from visual, auditory (hearing) , and lateral line system

50. BRAIN
CEREBRUM
controls higher thinking (memory, learning, reasoning, problem solving)
integrates info from other brain parts

51. BRAIN
OLFACTORY BULBS
Smell

52. BRAIN
OLFACTORY NERVES
Smell

53. BRAIN
CEREBELLUM
Motor (muscle) coordination
Balance

54. BRAIN MEDULLA OBLONGATA Relay center for sensory info from body
Controls “Autonomic” body organs