1. Diagnosing Vertebral Fractures

2. Introduction

4. Incidence of Radiographic Vertebral Fractures Increases With Age

5. Risk Factors for Fractures

6. Increased Risk: Previous Vertebral Fracture

7. Consequences of Vertebral Fractures

8. Even Asymptomatic Vertebral Fractures Are Associated With Morbidity

9. Mortality Increases With Increasing Number of Vertebral Fractures

10. Vertebral Fractures Are Associated With Increased Risk of Future Fractures

11. Vertebral Fractures Are an Important Predictor of Future Fractures

12. Presentation

13. Painful Fractures

14. Diagnosis

15. Indications for Vertebral Imaging

16. Visual grading of vertebral fractures

17. Wedge and Crush Fractures

18. Multiple Vertebral Crush Fractures

19. Conclusion

20. Abbreviations

21. References

22. References

23. References

24. References