1. Introduction to WWII
Steps to War

2. Why? (underlying causes of WWII)
1. Treaty of Versailles
A. Germany lost land to surrounding nations
B. War Reparations
--Germany must pay millions --Bankrupted the German economy & embarrassed Germans
c. War Guilt Clause
Lloyd George, Georges Clemenceau, and Woodrow Wilson during negotiations for the Treaty

3. Why? (underlying causes of WWII)
2. World-wide Depression
A. The Depression made Germany’s debt even worse
B. Desperate people turn to desperate leaders
Hitler seemed to provide solutions to Germany’s problems by providing
scapegoats- a person or group made to bear the blame for others or to suffer in their place for Germany’s problems (foreigners, Jews, communists, Roma (Gypsies), mentally ill, homosexuals)
Wallpapering with German Deutchmarks

4. People are forced to do what the government tells them
Totalitarianism
People are forced to do what the government tells them
prevent from leaving the country
Seeks to control not only all economic and political matters but the attitudes, values and beliefs of its population.
This is a country with only one political party. ex. Soviet Union under Stalin, Nazi Germany and the People's Republic of China.
Regime
A system or rule of government
Dictator:
a ruler who assumes full and absolute power
What is a monarchy?
Ruling by king or queen

5. Why? Fascist Dictatorship (Germany, Italy) Totalitarianism
Rise of Totalitarian Regimes --by mid 1930’s dictators had seized control in many countries.
A. In a Totalitarian country, individual rights are not viewed as important as the needs of the nation. Government has control. Usually only 1 political party (Nazi’s, Fascist, etc)
Fascist Dictatorship (Germany, Italy)
Mussolini- Italy
Hitler-Germany
Communist Dictatorship (USSR)
Stalin- USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics)
Fascism: military government based on nationalism with strong support from the business community
Totalitarianism
Military Dictatorship (Japan)
Hideki Tojo-Prime Minster
Emperor Hirohito

6. and hope that they wont want anything else
Why?
4. Isolationism:A national policy of abstaining from political or economic relations with other countries.
U.S. supported Isolationism: Great Depression (problems at home): WWI did not seem to solve much
B. This led to policies of “Appeasement” Appeasement: give dictators what they want
and hope that they wont want anything else

7. Imperialism – a policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force Italy, Germany and Japan sought new territory
Germany wants Return of German Speaking Lands - “Lebensraum”
2. Japan wants to expand
Japan invades Manchuria – china 1933
German Troops Parade in Streets of Czechoslovakian Town, ca. 1939

8. Axis Allies (major powers) (major powers) Great Britain Germany
1936-Hitler and Mussolini make pact Rome-Berlin Axis. Japan joins in Known as Axis Powers
Allies
Axis
(major powers)
(major powers)
Great Britain
Germany
U.S.S.R.
Italy
United States
Japan
France
(note: France surrendered to Germany in 1940 (after 6 weeks of fighting)

9. By the mid 1930’s dictators had seized control in several countries
Soviet Union- Stalin
Italy- Mussolini
Germany- Hitler
Japan- Emperor Hirohito Prime Minister (in charge of war) Hideki Tojo

10. Franklin Delano Roosevelt
Major Leaders
Franklin Delano Roosevelt
US President
Joseph Stalin
U.S.S.R Leader
Adolf Hitler
Nazi Germany
Benito Mussolini
Italy
Hideki Tojo
Japanese Prime Minister
Winston Churchill
British Prime Minister

11. So What Was Hitler Asking For? Beginnings of Third Reich
1936- Germany occupies Rhineland in defiance of Treaty of Versailles Wants Return of German Speaking Lands“Lebensraum” “living Space” Germany annexes Austria.
Demands Sudentenland - (from Czechoslovakia who decline)
Munich Conference - Great Britain & France give to Hitler in return for peace. What is this called?
1939: Hitler then invades the rest of Czechoslovakia
German Troops Parade in Streets of Czechoslovakian Town, ca. 1939

12. Third Reich continues
Nonaggression Pact (Hitler-Stalin Pact or Nazi-Soviet) Agree not to attack each other, USSR will NOT help Poland, in return for 1/2 of Poland
Hitler invades Poland
Hitler's triumphal entry into Danzig, Poland 1939
To the chancellor of the German Reich, Herr A. Hitler.
I thank you for your letter. I hope that the German-Soviet Nonaggression Pact will mark a decisive turn for the better in the political relations between our two countries. .
J. Stalin*
Great Britain & France finally declare war on Germany WAR BEGINS Sept

13. Germany attacks 1941-Germany invades USSR
Blitzkrieg “Lightning War”- method of warfare uses speed, surprise,tanks,troops,planes
In the next year, Hitler invades: Denmark
Norway
The Netherlands
Belgium
France
Hitler in Paris
1941-Germany invades USSR

14. Roosevelt provided aid to the Allies: US Assistance
Lend-Lease Act 1939
US “lent” war materials to cash-strapped Great Britain
Atlantic Charter
Policy statement Aug goals and aims of the Allied powers concerning the war and the post-war world.
US secretly meets with England to commit to defeating Germany
London Firefighter Tackles an Air Raid Blaze

15. Meanwhile … in the Pacific
Pearl Harbor: “a date which will live in infamy”
What?
Surprise attack by the Japanese on American forces in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
Effect?
US declares war on Japan & other Axis powers
USS Arizona Sinking in Pearl Harbor

16. Japanese Internment Camps
Occurred as a result of the attack on Pearl Harbor
Why? Fair? Why/why not?
Executive order 9066

17. B. Human Costs

18. 21.3 million Russians (7.7 million civilians)
A. War Costs
US Debt $9 billion US Debt $98 billion
The war cost $330 billion times the cost of WWI & as much as all previous federal spending since 1776
B. Human Costs
50 million people died (compared to 15 million in WWI)
21.3 million Russians (7.7 million civilians)
11 million died as a result of the HOLOCAUST (6 million Jews + 5 million others)