1. MATTER
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

2. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER
Any characteristics of matter that can be observed without changing its composition.
Composition is what a substance is made up of.
The 1st physical property of matter is its ability to change its state from solid to liquid to gas & vice versa.

3. STATES OF MATTER
Result from the amount of energy the particles composing the matter has.
More energy means more movement of particles.
Less energy means less movement of particles.

4. SOLID Has a fixed shape & volume. Particles are tightly compact.
Each particle has its fixed place.
Particles can vibrate but cannot
move freely.
Cannot be compressed.
Lowest energy state of matter.

5. LIQUID Fixed volume Changeable shape. Take the shape of the container.
Particles are compact enough
to keep the volume but free
enough to change the shape.
Like solids, liquids can not be
compressed.
Moderate energy state of matter.

6. GAS No definite shape & Volume. Particles can easily
spread out or move
closely together.
Take the shape of the
container.
Can be compressed.
Example: in a bicycle tire.
High energy state of matter.

7. PLASMA Is hot ionized gas. Meaning the gas particles have +ve
& –ve charges on them.
No definite shape or volume.
Exists at extremely high temperatures
(several million degree Celsius)
Highest energy state of matter.
Not common on Earth but the most
common form of matter in the
universe.
Found in stars & fusion reactors.

8. Changes of States in Matter

9. What Causes State Changes?

10. Physical properties of matter
Density:
The amount of matter in a given volume.
Density = mass/volume
Is unique for every
substance.
Does not depend
or vary with
the size of the
sample.
Is always constant.

11. Physical properties of matter
Viscosity:
How well a substance
flows.
Is a liquid’s property
A substance with low
viscosity flows easily
like water.
A substance with high
viscosity resist flow like
honey.

12. Physical properties of Matter
Solubility:
Is the ability of one substance to dissolve in another substance.
Temperature of the solvent (liquid) affects the solubility of the solute (solid).

13. Physical properties of matter
Melting point:
Is the temperature at which a
substance changes its state
from solid to liquid.
Is unique for every substance.
Is not affected by the size of
the sample.
What is the melting
point of ice?

14. Physical properties of matter
Boiling point:
Is the temperature at
which a substance
changes its state from
liquid to gas.
Is unique for every
substance.
Is not affected by the
size of the sample.

15. Physical properties of matter
Freezing Point:
Is the temperature at
which a substance
changes its state from
liquid to solid.
Is unique for every
substance.
Does not change with
the size of the sample.

16. Physical properties of matter
Odor:
How a substance smells.
Useful for identifying
substances with peculiar
odor. For example,
vinegar and sulfur have
very distinctive odor.
How do we smell
substances in the lab?

17. Physical properties of matter
Texture:
How a substance feels or looks.
Also, the size, shape, & pattern of a rock’s grain
Sand paper is rough.
Glass is smooth.

18. Physical properties of matter
Conductivity:
Ability of a substance to allow heat and electricity to flow through it.
Metals like iron & copper are good conductors and rubber is not.

19. Physical properties of matter
Luster:
The way a substance reflects light.
Dull, earthy, metallic, greasy, pearly, glassy, & silky are words used to describe the luster of substances.

20. Physical properties of matter
Malleability:
Ability of a substance
to be hammered/
pounded into sheets.
Most metals like silver,
lead, and copper, are
highly malleable.

21. Physical properties of matter
Hardness:
Ability of a substance
to resist scratching or
get scratched easily.
Is measured on the
Mohs Hardness Scale.
Talc is the softest and
diamond is the hardest
substance 0n the
Mohs hardness scale.

22. Physical properties of matter
Ductility:
Ability of a substance to be drawn into wires.
Metals like aluminum & copper can be easily drawn into wires & are used in electrical cords.

23. MATTER
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

24. Chemical Properties of Matter
Is the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into one or more new substances.
Describes a substance’s potential to undergo a chemical change.
For example rusting is a
chemical property of iron
as it forms iron oxide
when exposed to oxygen
in the air.

25. Chemical Properties of Matter
Flammability:
The ability to burn easily.
Some substances like wood and paper are highly flammable.
Others like rock, sand, & iron are not flammable.

26. Chemical Properties of Matter
Rust:
Is the ability of a substance
to react with the oxygen in
the air and water vapor in
the atmosphere.
Iron rusts.
Aluminum does
not rust.

27. Chemical Properties of Matter
Reaction with acids:
Changes when exposed to an acid.
Example: baking soda gives off carbon dioxide when exposed to vinegar.

28. Chemical Properties of Matter
Combustibility:
Ability of a substance to explode.
A measure of how easily substance
will set on fire.
Examples: gasoline,
hydrogen gas, and
alcohol.