1. Econ pt. 2

2. Access to Healthcare
How does healthcare have an effect on the quality of life in a country?
Access to healthcare is disproportionately worse in poor countries.
Not all countries have access to universal healthcare.
For profit pharmaceutical companies have no motivation to try and bring medicine to the poorer countries.
start at 41:48

3. UN Sustainable goals
The purpose is to try and make the world a better place
Some are attainable and some are not
Span a wide variety of issues

4. Why do businesses locate in certain places?
Location Theory -
Situational Factors/external factors
Transportation costs
Distance from resources and markets
Mode – Rail, truck, ship, or air???
Input – Anything used to make Products
Machinery,
People

5. Changing Location of Industry
Domestic shift: NE  SE, S, and W
Global shift: Old Industrial hearths 2:
East Asia (China’s the largest in the world at 31%)
Latin America
Western Europe  Central/Eastern Europe
Why is the distribution changing???
1. Countries/states/cities attracting industries with incentives
2. Industry focus on proximity to cheap labor
3. Industry focus on skilled labor 4.

6. Infrastructure
Why is infrastructure so important to where businesses locate?
Airports
Seaports
Highways
What will happen with infrastructure in the future?

7. Urbanization and development
% people living in urban settings:
1800: 3%
1850: 6%
1900: 14%
1950: 25%
2000: 47%
2017: over 50%

8. Why are more people moving to cities
After the industrial revolution there was a major shift from primary sector jobs to secondary sector jobs
Industry located primarily in cities
Services located primarily in cities
Not only have cities grown but so have the surround areas know as the MSA: Metro Statistical Area

9. How has this growth of cities happened?

10. Growth of the suburbs
Increase in service jobs + higher standard of living/affordable cars + Interstate Highway System = commuting = development of suburbs
Suburbanization - 50 percent of Americans live in suburbs
Diversified economic base for each city
“Edge cities” - The city exists on the fringes of a larger city and acts as a regional hub for recreation, business, or other commercial activity for the suburban population of the larger city.
(no need for travel into the city)

11. What is the problem with urbanization and suburbanization occurring to rapidly?
Urban Sprawl
Congestion & pollution
Degradation of wildlife habitat
Lack of resources
Lack of housing
Lack of jobs
Squatters settlements

12. Problems In Urban Areas – Racism

13. Redlining
Banks draw red lines on maps around areas they refuse to lend $$$ to
Fear: minorities will move into a "nice" neighborhood  property values will go down 
Ghettoization resulted

14. Blockbusting
Offering an African-American a house in a white neighborhood at low price
White owners told their neighborhood was about to "tip" – become minority-dominated
For what reason was blockbusting practiced?
Result
“White-flight” to the suburbs
Ghettoization

15. Racial Steering
Steering prospective homebuyers to neighborhoods b/c of similar ethnicity
Sometimes good-intentioned
Done covertly justified by showing people houses in a particular school district
Has this caused a reversal of white flight in the recent past?

16. Gentrification https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kfOqmSXDAD8