1. The Rock Cycle

2. The Earth's crust (outermost layer of the Earth) is made up of 3 types of rock.

3. Type of Rock #1 –
Igneous Rock

4. Igneous Rocks:
Are formed from the cooling of molten rock (magma and lava)
Under the Earth's crust some rock has melted into Magma
When the magma is ejected out of the Earth's crust through a volcano, it is then called lava
If magma cools and hardens beneath the earth's crust it is considered plutonic igneous rock
If lava cools and hardens on the Earth's surface it is called volcanic igneous rock

5. Type of Rock #2 -
Sedimentary Rock

6. Sedimentary Rock:
Wind and water cause erosion to occur, breaking off pieces of rock and carrying them to a new location
The pieces of broken rock, along with sand, pebbles, shells, and plant matter gather together
These gathered materials compress together into layers called sediment (hence sedimentary rock)
Sedimentary rock is softer than igneous rock and often contains fossils
Most of the rock on the Earth is sedimentary

7. P.E.I – Elephant rock, erosion from the water.

8. Rock Type #3 - Metamorphic Rock Type #3- Metamorphic Rock
On the border of Utah and Arizona. Sand dunes that have been subjected to heat / pressure.

9. Metamorphic Rock: Rocks deep within the Earth are put through intense
heat and pressure
In time, this heat and pressure transforms sedimentary
and igneous rock into metamorphic rock
Example: Limestone (sedimentary) turns into marble (metamorphic)
Limestone Marble

10. So What Does the Rock Cycle Look Like?
Magma and Lava
Melting
Cooling
Melting
Igneous Rock
Metamorphic Rock
Heat / Pressure
Heat and pressure
Sedimentary Rock
Eroded by wind,
water, and ice
Compressed into
rock
Erosion
Sediment
Erosion
Let's go through each step!

11. Magma and lava cool and harden to produce
The Rock Cycle
Magma and Lava
Cooling
Igneous Rock
Magma and lava cool and harden to produce
Igneous rock.

12. Igneous rock erodes or breaks up and
The Rock Cycle
Magma and Lava
Cooling
Melting
Igneous Rock
Eroded by wind,
water, and ice
Sediments
Igneous rock erodes or breaks up and
becomes sediment -OR- can melt and become magma
and lava again

13. The Rock Cycle Sediments are compressed to create sedimentary rocks
Magma and Lava
Cooling
Melting
Igneous Rock
Sedimentary Rock
Eroded by wind,
water, and ice
Erosion
Compressed into
rock
Sediments
Sediments are compressed to create sedimentary rocks
Sedimentary rock can also be eroded or broken up to become
sediment again

14. The Rock Cycle Magma and Lava Magma and Lava Igneous Rock
Melting
Cooling
Melting
Igneous Rock
Metamorphic Rock
Heat and pressure
Eroded by wind,
water, and ice
Sedimentary Rock
Erosion
Compressed into
rock
Sediments
Sedimentary rock can either melt and become magma or lava – OR –
it can undergo heat and pressure and become Metamorphic rock

15. The Rock Cycle
Magma and Lava
Magma and Lava
Melting
Cooling
Melting
Igneous Rock
Metamorphic Rock
Heat / Pressure
Heat and pressure
Eroded by wind,
water, and ice
Sedimentary Rock
Erosion
Compressed into
rock
Erosion
Sediments
Metamorphic rock can either melt and become magma or lava – OR – it can erode and become sediments

16. The Rock Cycle Magma and Lava Igneous Rock Metamorphic Rock
Melting
Cooling
Melting
Igneous Rock
Metamorphic Rock
Heat / Pressure
Sedimentary Rock
Eroded by wind,
water, and ice
Erosion
Compressed into
rock
Sediment
Erosion

17. Summary The Canadian Shield – Mostly made of igneous and
Igneous- Cooling of molten rock (magma and lava)
Sedimentary- Eroded gathered materials compress
together
Metamorphic - heat and pressure
The Canadian Shield – Mostly made of igneous and
metamorphic rock
-igneous because roots of ancient mountains (magma, lava)

18. Interactive Rock Cycle Animation

19. Questions 1. What is the difference between magma and lava?
2. Explain how both volcanic igneous rock and plutonic
igneous rock form.
3. Explain how sedimentary rock is formed.
4. Name the type of rock most common on the Earth's
surface.
5. Name 2 forces that change sedimentary or igneous rock
into another type of rock. Name this new type of rock.
6. Was today's lesson easy or difficult to understand? Why?