1. Renewable energy and energy efficiency - key areas of the Fourth Energy Package Proposals for the Energy Efficiency and Energy Performance of Buildings Directives
Mária Bartek-Lesi
Senior Researcher, REKK
Seminar in Sofia, Bulgaria
9th March. 2018

2. Energy efficiency – progress in Europe
Outline
Energy efficiency – progress in Europe
Main features of the proposal for a new EED directive (2012/27/EU)
Main features of the proposal for a new EPBD directive (2010/31/EU)
Energy efficiency of products: energy labelling and ecodesign (2010/30/EU and 2009/125/EC)
Még
Térkép aukciókról
-fordít
-BG ábart vagy 3-4 a jelenlegi helyzetről
-konklúziók

3. Progress in Europe

4. EU28 – Primary energy consumption -1990-2016
Primary energy consumption decreased by 1.7 %.
Consumption of solid fossil fuels decreased by 47 % and oil decreased by 12 %
consumption of renewables increased by 200 %
consumption of gaseous fuels increased by 31 % and nuclear energy by 6 %.
Source: Eurostat

5. Distance to Europe 2020 target for primary energy consumption, EU-28
Source: Eurostat

6. EU28- Final energy consumption -1990-2016
Final energy consumption in 2015 was approximately at the same level as in 1990
In 2016 it was 2.1 % above the 1990 level
Consumption of solid fossil fuels decreased by 64 % and of heat sold decreased by 13 %
Final energy consumption of renewables increased by 128 % and final consumption of electricity increased by 29 %.

7. Distance to Europe 2020 target for final energy consumption, EU-28
Source: Eurostat

8. Primary energy consumption and 2020 target by member state
Source: Eurostat, REKK

9. Final energ consumption and 2020 target by member state
Source: Eurostat, REKK

10. Energy intensity of the economy, 2005 and 2015
ktoe/ EUR of GDP
Source: Eurostat

11. Directive 2012/27/EU on energy efficiency

12. Main objectives of the revision
Give Member States and investors a long term perspective to plan their policies and investments.
Trigger further end-use energy savings and attract private investment in energy efficiency.
Increase the empowerment of customers by providing more accurate information on their energy use.
Ensure that vulnerable households benefit from energy efficiency opportunities.
Contribute to the Union’s energy-related goals at a low-cost level.

13. Key features of the Energy Efficiency Directive

14. Measures related to sectors
Public sector:
Articles 5 and 6 on exemplary role of public bodies’ buildings and purchasing by public bodies
Services, households
Article 7 – energy efficiency obligation schemes or alternative policy measures
Articles 9,10,11 on metering and billing information
Article 12 – consumer information and empowering
Energy supply
Article 14 on promoting efficient H&C
Article 15 – transmission, transformation and distribution
Industry
Article 8 – energy audits and energy management sytems

15. Horizontal provisions
Article 16 - qualification, accreditation and certification
Aritcle 17 - information and training
Article 18 - energy services
Article 19 - other measures (split incentives, regulatory barriers)
Article 20 - Energy Efficiency National Fund, Financing and Technical Support
Article 24 – review and monitoring of implementation (from April each 3 years)

16. Setting national energy efficiency targets
Article 1 - Subject matter and scope
Common framework of measures to ensure the achievement of the Union’s % headline target on EE
Article 3 – Energy efficiency targets
Each MS shall set an indicative national EE target
For the whole Union it has to be at least 1483 Mtoe primary or 1086 Mtoe final energy consumption (Croatia included).

17. National efficiency targets of Bulgaria
2020 energy savings target at PEC level:
1 590 ktoe/y
Achieving reduction from BAU 2020 PEC ktoe to ktoe
2020 energy savings target at FEC level:
716 ktoe/y
Achieving reduction from BAU 2020 FEC ktoe to ktoe
Source: NEEAP of Bulgaria, 2017

18. Changes to Articles 1 and 3
Article 1 – Binding headline target is 30% at the EU level for the 2030 perspective
Article 3 - National indicative contributions should be set – taking into account that the Union’s 2030 energy use must not exceed 1321 Mtoe primary and 987 Mtoe final energy – non-binding
means 23% ↓ in PEC and 17%↓ in FEC compared to 2005 consumption levels
setting of national contributions and regular evaluation of progress shall be done according to the provisions of the Governance of the Energy Union regulation
to be notified in Member States' Integrated National Energy and Climate Plans.

19. THE 30% ENERGY EFFICIENCY TARGET
Positive impacts compared to a 27% target
Security of supply: avoided oil & gas imports = €70 billion
Creation of 400,000 more jobs
Lower electricity price for households and energy intensive industries
Increase in GDP of around 0.4% (€70 billion)
Decarbonisation is cheaper in the long run ( ): €9 billion/year less
Reduction in pollution control costs & health damage costs by €4.5 – 8.3 billion
NOW
(b.a.u.)
27%
30%
158€
MWh
161€
157€
Source: European Commission,

20. Efficiency in energy use
Article 4 – Building renovation
overview of the national building stock, identification of cost-effective approches to renovations, policies and measures to stimulate them, estimate of expected energy savings
strategy on this, part of the National Energy Efficiency Action Plans
Will be removed from EED and moved into EPBD (2010/20/EU) to fit with long term plans for nearly zero energy buildings and decarbonisation.

21. Energy Saving Obligations
Article 7 – Energy efficiency obligation schemes
obligated parties shall achieve a cumulative end-use energy savings target of 1,5% between and , compared to 3 year average prior to
transport can be excluded
other possible alleviations up to 25% of all reductions:
can be 1% in , 1,25% in and 1,5% in , EU ETS firms can be excluded, can include energy savings achieved in the energy transformation, distribution and transmission sectors, can include savings resulting from individual actions since 31 dec 2008 that still have effect in 2020
measurement, control and verification shall be conducted
social aim requirements can be included
obligated parties provide statistics on their customers
MS’s may opt to take other policy measures, with defined responsibilites of authorities and parties
once a year, MS’s publish the resulting energy savings

22. Target in the EEO scheme of Bulgaria
Source: NEEAP of Bulgaria, 2017

23. Changes to Article 7
Cumulative end use energy savings have to be achieved each year from to of 1.5% of annual energy sales to final customers by volume, averaged over the 3 years prior to
Continues after 2030 in 10 year periods - reviews will be carried out in 2027 and every 10 years thereafter.
Savings due to policy measures from can be counted, in case they result in individual actions delivering savings after
Sales of energy in the transport sector may still be excluded.
Possible exemptions are the same, as before, except for decreased annual saving rates. Early action: individual actions implemented since , having an impact in 2020 and beyond can be counted.
New alleviation: own consumption of renewable energy generated on or in buildings can be excluded from the calculation of the required energy savings.

24. Vulnerable consumers
Articles 7a and 7b contain information on EEOs and alternative policy measures separately.
Provisions related to energy poverty are strengthened in case of both approaches:
Within the EEO scheme, member states have to incorporate a socal aim in the saving obligations imposed, requiring a share of measures to be implemented as a priority in energy-poor households.
In case of alternative policy measures member states have to take into account the effect on energy-poor households when they design their alternative policy measures.

25. Energy affordability
Source: Energy Union Factsheet on Bulgaria, SWD(2017) 386 final

26. Metering and billing information
Article 9 – metering
electricity, gas, DH, DC and domestic hot water meters have to be provided, accurately reflecting final customers’ actual energy consumption, when existing meter is replaced, when new connection is made or a building undergoes major renovations
individual meters have to be installed by dec , in multi-apartment buildings with central or district heating/cooling source, if not possible, heat cost allocators have to be used to measure heat consumption at each radiator.
Article 10 – billing information
accurate billing information based on actual consumption shall be provided
MS’s shall ensure that final customers have the possibility of easy access to complementary information on historical consumption allowing detailed self-checks

27. Change to articles 9 and 10
The two articles are amended to make them applicable only to gas
Separate provisions related to metering, sub-metering and cost allocation for heating and cooling and domestic hot water (9a)
Meters and cost allocators installed shall be remotely readable devices as of , and already installed from
Separate provisions related to billing and consumption information, and cost of access to metering and billing information for heating and cooling and domestic hot water (9a)

28. Energy transformation, transmission and distribution
Article 15 – energy transformation, transmission and distribution
national energy regulators through the development of network regulations provide incentives for grid operators to implement efficiency improvement measures
assessment of energy efficiency potentials of energy infrastructure and concrete measures identified
tariffs should help improve consumer participation, DR
TSOs and DSOs guarantee transmission and distribution of high-efficiency cogeneration, priority in access to grid, priority dispatch of their electricity
Some provisions are repealed so that new provisions will be included in the legislative proposals under the Market Design Initiative

29. Other changes
A general review clause added: the Commission must evaluate the Directive and submit a report to the European Parliament and Council by , and then every five years.
The default primary energy factor (PEF) in Annex IV is amended to take into account technological advances: when energy savings are calculated in primary energy terms based on final energy consumption, a default coefficient of 2,0 for each kWh saved should be applied, unless MS’s justify a different coefficient.

30. Directive 2010/31/EU on the energy performance of buildings

31. Significance of energy efficiency in buildings
Huge potential for efficiency gains in the building sector
It is largest single energy consumer in Europe, absorbing 40% of final energy
About 75% of buildings are energy inefficient
Member State refurbish only % of the building stock annually
There is evidence of around 48.9 Mtoe additional final energy savings in 2014 compared to the 2007 baseline of the EPBD. The Impact Assessment supporting the EPBD estimated that the EPBD would lead to Mtoe of final energy savings by (COM(2016) 765 final)

32. Objectives
The main objective of the proposal is to accelerate the cost-effective renovation of existing buildings:
to integrate long-term building renovation strategies (Article of 4 EED)
to support the mobilisation of financing and envisage a decarbonised building stock by 2050
to encourage the use of ICT and smart technologies to advance efficient operation of buildings
to streamline provisions where they have not delivered the expected results

33. Change in definition of technical building systems
The definition of technical building systems under Article 2(3) is amended to include on-site electricity generation and on-site infrastructure for electro-mobility:
„‘Technical building system’ means technical equipment for space heating, space cooling, ventilation, domestic hot water, built-in lighting, building automation and control, on-site electricity generation, on-site infrastructure for electro-mobility, or a combination of such systems, including those using energy from renewable sources, of a building or building unit.”

34. Inserting Article 4 of EED – Article 2a
The current Article 4 EED on building renovation is moved to this Directive for greater consistency:
include the consideration of energy poverty issues
support for smart financing of building renovations
a vision for the decarbonisation of buildings by 2050, with specific milestones in 2030
long-term building renovation strategies have to be part of the integrated national energy and climate plans and will be notified by Member States to the Commission by for the period after 2020, according to the provisions of the Regulation on the Governance of the Energy Union.
To help investment decisions, mechanisms should be created by MS’s to aggregate projects, de-risk energy efficiency operations for investors, and to use public funding to mobilise private-sector investments.

35. Nearly zero energy new buildings
Source: NEEAP of Bulgaria, 2017

36. Article 6 – assessing feasibility of high-efficiency alternative systems
The requirement to assess the technical, environmental and economic feasibility of high-efficiency alternative systems under Article 6 of the EPBD no longer applies, because the obligation for all new buildings to be nearly zero-energy buildings implicitly requires an assessment of locally available high-efficiency alternative systems.
decentralized energy supply systems
DH and DC
cogeneration
heat pumps

37. Article 8 – requirement of installing e-mobility chargers
From the beginning of 2025, in case of new non-residential buildings and non-residential buildings undergoing major renovation, having more than 10 parking places, every 10th of the parking plots have to be equipped with a recharging point, able to start and stop charging in response to price signals.
Pre-cabling has to be prepared for each parking place, in order to enable the installation of recharing points later on.

38. Article 8 – technical building systems
If a new technical building system is installed, replaced or upgraded, its energy performance has to be assessed and documented for verification and certification purposes.
Delegated acts will be adopted to define a „smartness indicator” to assess the technological readiness of the building to manage the operation of interconnected intelligent devices, interact with the occupants and the grid.

39. Financial incentives and savings (Article 10)
MS’s have to link the financial measures helping energy efficiency investments to savings achieved, through the energy performance certificates (showing consumption levels before and after the renovation).
A database of energy performance certificates would allow tracking the actual energy consumption of the buildings with useful floor area of over 250 m2. Aggregated data will have to be made available for statistical and research purposes.

40. Regular inspection of heating and air-conditioning systems (Art. 14)
The minimum size of systems to be inspected regularly increases from 20 kW to 250 MWh PEC in case of non-residential, and 100 kW rated output for residential buildings – repeated only in case of changes.
The option of alternative measures to provide advice to consumers is deleted as these have not proven to be effective.
Inspection is replaced by the possibility of electronic monitoring and control systems - as building automation and control systems can be an alternative to physical inspections.

41. Other issues The directive will be evaluated by 01.01.2028.
The ‚Smart Finance for Smart Buildings’ initiative will help to mobilise and unlock private investments, relying on the Investment Plan for Europe, including the European Fund for Strategic Investments and the European Structural Investment Funds -
will enhance the effective use of public funds
support promoters and investors
help new ideas via project development assistance and project aggregation mechanisms
generate trust and attract more investors to the energy efficiency market.

42. ecodesign and Energy labelling

43. Ecodesign Directive (2009/125/EC)
Allows to set requirements for environmental performance of energy-related products
Main focus has been on energy in the use-phase
Requirements have to be met in order to place a product on the market
Requirements are harmonised across the EU

44. Energy Labelling Directive (2010/30/EU repealed by REGULATION (EU) 2017/1369)
Allows to specify an energy label for energy-related products
The label shows energy efficiency in the use phase
Use of other essential resources/ information during use also shown
Manufacturers have to supply the label; dealers have to show it
Rescaling to A to G through delegated acts should be implemented by August 2023

45. Summary
(Source: DG ENER)

46. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!

47. Data on the energy consumption of buildings in Hungary
10 years average primary energy consumption of dwellings built in the past 115 years based on 47,554 energy performance certificates issued in Hungary in from and
National Network of Energy Engineers (‘NEH’) is set up from 2017 – collects consumption data for public buildings

49. Strategies to help the adoption of nearly zero-energy buildings
COMMISSION RECOMMENDATION (EU) 2016/1318 of 29 July 2016 on guidelines for the promotion of nearly zero-energy buildings and best practices to ensure that, by 2020, all new buildings are nearly zero-energy buildings highlight the following measures:
awareness raising and education
strengthening building regulation and energy performance certificates
financial instruments and support measures, e.g. incentive policies, loans with reduced interest rate, tax exemptions
guidance and financing for at-risk populations and subsidised mortgage interest rates for energy efficient homes
most of the policies and measures reported by the Member States also apply to public buildings
monitoring campaigns (e.g. ‘NRClick’ is an energy accounting system for the comparison of different municipalities in Belgium) and demonstration projects (e.g. in Germany the Zero-energy building for the Federal Environmental Agency (Umweltbundesamt))
EU research project: ZEBRA tracking the market transition to nearly Zero-Energy Buildings (nZEBs) to derive recommendations and strategies for the building industry and policy makers and to accelerate the market uptake ofnZEBs. Research on 17 European Member States. Publications are available at: zebra2020.eu