1. Biochemistry

2. Vocabulary:
Structure – what something looks like
Function – a job
Mono- prefix meaning “one”
Poly – prefix meaning “many”
-ose and – saccharide are suffixes meaning “sugar”

3. What is a molecule?
A molecule is a very small piece of something. It is made up of different kinds of atoms.
Example – a Water molecule (H2O) is made of 2 atoms of hydrogen and 1 atom of oxygen.
A water molecule looks like this:
The atoms in molecules are held together by forces called bonds.

4. Biomolecules
Biomolecules are molecules that are made and used by living things.
A polymer is a large molecule that is made up of smaller molecules called monomers.
Most biomolecules are polymers.
Biomolecules are organic. This means they contain a chain of carbon atoms.
All Biomolecules contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

5. There are 4 kinds of biomolecules:
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids.

6. 1. Carbohydrates Made of: CHO (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen)
Monomer: monosaccharides such as glucose and sucrose
Looks like:
Polymer: polysaccharides such as starch and glycogen
Looks like:

7. Functions:
Make cell walls strong.
Provide quick energy for animals (sugar makes you hyper)

8. Found in:
Fruits (fructose is fruit sugar)
Breads and pasta (in the form of starches)
Plant cells (lignin
and cellulose make
plant cells strong,
chitin makes the walls
of mushrooms strong)

9. 2. Lipids
Made of:
CHO (Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen)
Lipids are NOT polymers. They are made of glycerol and fatty acids.

10. Looks like:
3 Fatty Acids
Glycerol

11. Functions of the 3 types of lipids:
Fats and oils – store long term energy
Found in animal fats, vegetable oil,
petroleum.
Phospholipids – makes coverings (membranes) water resistant
Found in cell membranes
Steroids and Hormones – produce body changes such as puberty
Found in cholesterol, testosterone, estrogen

12. 3. Proteins
Made of:
CHON - Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen

13. Monomer - Amino Acid
20 different types
Different side chains (R-groups)
Ex–tryptophan

14. Polymer – peptides
Once the polypeptide is made it twists and folds into a protein.
Shape dictates what a protein does.
Held together by hydrogen bonds called peptide bonds.

15. Looks like:
Amino Acid Protein

16. Functions:
Control chemical reaction rates.
Proteins that control reactions are called enzymes
Bone and muscle movement
-Collagen
Transport substances – hemoglobin
Fight disease
– antibodies

17. 4. Nucleic Acids
Made of:
CHONP - Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Phosphorous

18. Look like:
Monomers - Nucleotides
Polymers - DNA and RNA

19. Function:
Transmits genetic information from parents to offspring