1. Hominin Evolution: Stone Tools Overview

2. Australopithecus garhi
Stone Tool Sequence
Oldowan
5 different
industries:
Solutrean
Magdalenian
Acheulian
Mousterian
Australopithecus garhi
and
Homo habilis
Neanderthals
Homo erectus
Homo sapiens

3. Oldowan Stone Tools Making simple flakes struck off ______________
Bed I & Bed II at Olduvai Gorge (Tanzania)
Gona River in the Middle Awash region
Oldest formally recognized stone tool assemblage
___________________________
Oldowan development is associated with:
Smaller face and smaller jaws
Reduction in tooth size
Change in diet
Scavenging
Meat incorporation

4. Oldowan Stone Tools
Dated to: 1.5 to 2 million years ago

5. Making of Oldowan Tools

6. Oldowan Stone Tools Australopithecus garhi Homo habils
_______________
Antelope remains: _________________
Homo habils
Originally found among H. habilis
_________________
Why would we think that A. garhi made these marks?
What is the significance that these are marks are on top of teeth marks from larger mammals?

7. Acheulian Stone Tools More diverse, sophisticated
Spread from __________
__________ stone was worked ________
2 manufacturing techniques: 1. 2.
Expansion of the brain
(presumably) enabled H. erectus
to develop a more sophisticated
tool kit
Indication of processing – meat eating expanded in diet
Acheulian Complex – included hand axes, bifacial tools among others; more refined than Oldowan tools

8. Acheulian Stone Tools Graver, or burin Flint Point Flint Awl
Quartzite Chopper

9. Acheulian Stone Tool: ‘Biface’ Hand Ax
Dominant tool in _____________
Characterized by: ____________
Hard to soft hammer technique
Found in association with ___________
Spanned the ______________________ of H. erectus
e.g. hippopotamuses and elephants

10. Butchering and Scavenging
Hunting or scavenging?
Tool marks on animal bones discovered at H. erectus sites indicate:
Acquiring _______________ 1. 2.
_____________ the animals, including _______________

11. Mousterian Stone Tools
Characterized by a __________________ than found in Acheulian tool kits
Mousterian Toolkit – Including, from left to right:
1) Levalloiis point; 2) Perforator; 3) Side Scraper

12. Mousterian Stone Tools
Developed for _________________________
No evidence of _____________
__________ is prevalent
NOVA Video Clip

13. Homo sapiens’ Tools in Europe
Begin at _______________
5 industries, based on stone tool technologies
Chatelperronian
Aurignacian
Gravettian
Solutrean
Magdalenian
Major _________________ were occurring
Several shifts in climate caused shifts in the environment and resources available  adaptation to environment had to occur

14. Solutrean Stone Tools Upper Paleolithic skill & aesthetic
_________________ developed to the finest degree known
Referred to as _________________
Made by ________________
Were expertly flaked _________________
Final products were _____________, but could also be considered a piece of ____

15. Magdalenian Tools
___________________ – wooden or bone hooked rod that extended the hunter’s arm
Bow and arrow use; punch blade technique
Decoration of these objects = _____________________

16. Magdalenian Tools Use of _____ __________
Mladec bone awls and awls tips