1. Exercise Science: A Systems Approach
Chapter 3

2. Exercise Science: A Systems Approach
Systems of the body work respond to
Physical activity
Regular exercise
Stress
Changes in nutritional intake
Extreme environmental conditions
Disease conditions

3. Integration of Systems
Exercise Science professionals need
Knowledge of how all systems function
Understanding of systems integration

4. Systems of the Body – Figure 3.1

5. Nervous System Primary functions Control systems of the body
Primary component – neuron
Responds to acute challenges of the body
Important consideration in
Disease conditions (e.g., cerebral palsy)
Sport performance (e.g., controlling movement)

6. Nervous System – Figure 3.2

7. Muscular system Primary function Provide movement
Primary component – muscle fiber
Types of muscle
Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth

8. Muscular System – Figure 3.3

9. Skeletal System

10. Skeletal System Primary functions Structural framework of the body
Protects underlying organs and tissues
Provides a lever system for movement
Serves as a storage area for minerals
Primary component – minerals and cells bone
Osteoporosis is a serious disease condition

11. Skeletal System – Figure 3.4

12. Cardiovascular System
Primary functions
Transporting oxygen, nutrients, hormones, electrolytes, and drugs
Removing waste products from the body
Primary component – heart, blood vessels, and blood
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death

13. Cardiovascular System – Figure 3.5

14. Pulmonary System Primary functions
Moving air into and out of the lungs
Regulation of acid-base balance
Primary component – lung
Important factor during exercise due to the ability to exhale carbon dioxide and regulate blood pH levels

15. Pulmonary System – Figure 3.7

16. Urinary System Primary functions Elimination of waste products
Regulation of fluid volume, electrolyte composition, and pH
Primary component – kidney
Hypertension can be influenced by increasing the amount of fluid removed by the kidneys

17. Urinary System – Figure 3.8

18. Digestive System Primary functions
Transfer of nutrients and water from the food we consume into the body
Primary component – gastrointestinal tract
Gastric emptying rate allows glucose absorption during exercise to best occur from a 6% solution

19. Digestive System – Figure 3.9

20. Endocrine System Primary function
Regulation of physiologic function and systems of the body
Primary components – endocrine glands
Development of insulin resistance leads to a disease condition known as metabolic syndrome

21. Endocrine System – Figure 3.10

22. Immune System Primary function
Regulating the susceptibility to, severity of, and recovery from infection, abnormal tissue growth, and illness
Primary components – physical, mechanical, chemical, blood, and cellular factors
Physical activity and regular exercise may improve the ability of the body to maintain health and reduce the risk for certain disease conditions

23. Immune System – Figure 3.11

24. Energy System Primary function Provide energy during rest and exercise
Primary component – enzymes and energy sources within the cells
Energy production is critical for successful performance in athletic events of various intensities and durations

25. Energy Systems – Figure 3.12

26. Energy System