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Fig. 1. Bacterial colonization of mosquitoes and larva breeding water

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1 Fig. 1. Bacterial colonization of mosquitoes and larva breeding water
Fig. 1. Bacterial colonization of mosquitoes and larva breeding water. 10<sup>7</sup> CFU bacteria were added once to water containing first instar larvae and the number of modified bacteria was monitored in different development stages, feeding status, tissues, and water. Larval instars: L1-L2, L3-L4, 24 h after sugar fed (SF), 24 h post after blood meal (PB). Numbers of bacteria are means of three biological replicates of 30 mosquitoes each (mean ± SEM). All specimens were infected with Serratia. From: Effect of Serratia AS1 (Enterobacteriaceae: Enterobacteriales) on the Fitness of Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) for Paratransgenic and RNAi Approaches J Med Entomol. Published online November 02, doi: /jme/tjy183 J Med Entomol | © The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please article is published and distributed under the terms of the Oxford University Press, Standard Journals Publication Model (

2 Fig. 2. Bacterial colonization of adult female Culex pipiens
Fig. 2. Bacterial colonization of adult female Culex pipiens. Adult mosquitoes were fed on cotton pads containing 10<sup>7</sup> cells/ml mCherry-Serratia bacteria for 48 h. Then mosquitoes were fed on a chick and 24, 42, and 72 h PBM their midguts and ovaries were examined for the presence of the bacteria. A subset of sugar-fed mosquitoes was tested at first and second days post sugar meal (PSM) as control group. Numbers of bacteria are means of three biological replicates of 30 mosquitoes each (mean ± SEM). All specimens were infected with Serratia. From: Effect of Serratia AS1 (Enterobacteriaceae: Enterobacteriales) on the Fitness of Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) for Paratransgenic and RNAi Approaches J Med Entomol. Published online November 02, doi: /jme/tjy183 J Med Entomol | © The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please article is published and distributed under the terms of the Oxford University Press, Standard Journals Publication Model (

3 Fig. 3. Effect of mCherry-Serratia on Cx. pipiens mosquito longevity
Fig. 3. Effect of mCherry-Serratia on Cx. pipiens mosquito longevity. Two to three day-old adult female mosquitoes were fed for 48 h on a cotton pad moistened with 10% sugar solution containing 10<sup>7</sup> mCherry-Serratia bacteria/ml or 10 % sugar. Then the mosquitoes were blood-fed on chicks for 30 min. Mosquito survival was monitored daily. Survival percentages are means of three biological replicates of 30 mosquitoes each (mean ± SEM). The statistical significance of survival curves was analyzed with the Student’s t test (P = ). From: Effect of Serratia AS1 (Enterobacteriaceae: Enterobacteriales) on the Fitness of Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) for Paratransgenic and RNAi Approaches J Med Entomol. Published online November 02, doi: /jme/tjy183 J Med Entomol | © The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please article is published and distributed under the terms of the Oxford University Press, Standard Journals Publication Model (

4 Fig. 4. Effect of mCherry-Serratia on Culex pipiens mosquito blood feeding behavior. Cx. pipiens female mosquitoes were fed on a sugar meal containing 10<sup>7</sup> mCherry-Serratia or 10% sugar alone (no Serratia). Three days later, the mosquitoes were starved for 8 h and then permitted to feed for 30 minutes on chicks. Percentages are means of three biological replicates of 70 mosquitoes each (mean ± SEM). There was no significant difference between the two groups (Student’s t test, P = ). From: Effect of Serratia AS1 (Enterobacteriaceae: Enterobacteriales) on the Fitness of Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) for Paratransgenic and RNAi Approaches J Med Entomol. Published online November 02, doi: /jme/tjy183 J Med Entomol | © The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please article is published and distributed under the terms of the Oxford University Press, Standard Journals Publication Model (

5 Fig. 5. Effect of mCherry-Serratia on Culex pipiens mosquito fecundity
Fig. 5. Effect of mCherry-Serratia on Culex pipiens mosquito fecundity. Two to three-day-old Cx. pipiens female mosquitoes were fed on a sugar meal containing 10<sup>7</sup> mCherry-Serratia or 10% sugar alone (no Serratia). Three days later, female mosquitoes were starved for 8 h and then permitted to feed on a chick for 30 min. Eggs were collected from individual females 3 d later. Bars indicate mean ± SEM of eggs produced per female. There was no significant difference between the two groups (Student’s t test, P = ). From: Effect of Serratia AS1 (Enterobacteriaceae: Enterobacteriales) on the Fitness of Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) for Paratransgenic and RNAi Approaches J Med Entomol. Published online November 02, doi: /jme/tjy183 J Med Entomol | © The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please article is published and distributed under the terms of the Oxford University Press, Standard Journals Publication Model (

6 Fig. 6. Effect of mCherry-Serratia on Culex pipiens mosquito fertility
Fig. 6. Effect of mCherry-Serratia on Culex pipiens mosquito fertility. Two to three-day-old Cx. pipiens female mosquitoes were fed on a sugar meal containing 10<sup>7</sup> mCherry-Serratia or 10% sugar (no Serratia). Three days later, female mosquitoes were starved for 8 h and then permitted to feed blood on a chick for 30 min. Eggs were collected from individual females 3 d later. Bars indicate percentage mean ± SEM of viable eggs (proportion of emerged larvae per egg). There was no significant difference between the two groups (Student’s t test, P = ). From: Effect of Serratia AS1 (Enterobacteriaceae: Enterobacteriales) on the Fitness of Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) for Paratransgenic and RNAi Approaches J Med Entomol. Published online November 02, doi: /jme/tjy183 J Med Entomol | © The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please article is published and distributed under the terms of the Oxford University Press, Standard Journals Publication Model (

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