1. Chapter 14 & 15
World War II

2. Totalitarianism and Expansion
Italy – Benito Mussolini
Fascist Party, nationalism, outlaws political parties, press censored
Soviet Union – Josef Stalin
Communist Party, focus on industry, state-run collective farms, purge of enemies, terror and fear
Germany – Adolf Hitler
Nazi Party, nationalism, Anti-semitism, state-controlled press, secret police, rearmament, public works programs
Japan – Emperor Hirohito
Economic trouble, military has influence, Japan expands throughout Asia and Pacific, war with China

3. Expansion
League of Nations very weak, didn’t respond to violations of Treaty of Versailles
Italy
Invades Ethiopia – 1935, League of Nations does nothing
Germany
Treaty of Versailles ignored, military build up
Germany seeks Lebensraum (living space)
Germany joins with Austria (Anschluss)
Germany demands annexation of Sudetenland (Czech), Europe gives in to demands (appeasement)

4. War Begins September 1, 1939 – Germany invades Poland
WWII begins
German blitzkrieg highly successful
Axis Powers – Germany, Italy, Japan
Allied Powers – Great Britain, Soviet Union, US

5. 1940 Spring – Germany invades Norway, Denmark, Belgium, Netherlands
France surrenders
Battle of Britain – air war
British RAF defends against German Luftwaffe bombing British cities

6. American Involvement US favors isolationism
Interventionists urge support for Allies
FDR knows war is inevitable
Peacetime draft
British given WWI battleships
FDR wins re-election
Neutrality Act (Cash and Carry) – US sells supplies to Allies, Allies must pay now and pick up
Lend-Lease Act – US provides supplies, ships to Allies, Allies pay later
Atlantic Charter (1941) – Declaration of alliance b/w US and Great Britain

7. American Entry U.S. places oil embargo on Japan
Japan wants to remove American barrier to expansion in Pacific
December 7, 1941 – Pearl Harbor attack
U.S. declares war, joins Allies
Many enlist and assist war effort
Industrial production shifts to war production, ends Great Depression

8. Early Pacific Battles Japan takes Philippines Doolittle Raid
Captured Americans forced on Bataan Death March to prison camp
Doolittle Raid
Psychological victory for U.S., shatters Japanese invincibility
Battle of Coral Sea
Tie, shows importance of aircraft carriers

9. Pushing Back the Axis (Europe)
Allies sink U-Boats in Atlantic
Battle of Stalingrad -
Allies defeat Axis in North Africa (42-43)
1943 – Allies plan to invade Italy and bomb Germany, force unconditional surrender
Attack “soft underbelly” of Europe – Italy
Saturation bombing - max damage
Strategic bombing – destroy Germany’s ability to make war

10. Pushing Back the Axis (Pacific)
Midway – June 1942 -
Begin offensive moving toward Japan, starting with Guadalcanal
Fierce Japanese resistance on land on sea, realize Japanese will not give up

11. Europe - 1944 Allies plan invasion of Europe D-Day – June 6, 1944
Allies invade at Normandy, France
Dwight D. Eisenhower – Supreme Allied Commander
Heavy casualties
Allies have foothold in Europe

12. Pacific 1943-1944 U.S. practices island hopping in Pacific
Marshall Islands
Mariana Islands
Face stiff Japanese resistance
1st Kamikazes used

13. War Ends (Europe) FDR dies (April 1945)
Harry S Truman becomes President
Battle of the Bulge (Winter )
Last ditch German counterattack, Allies win
V-E Day (May 8, 1945)
Hitler commits suicide (April 30)
Germany surrender, war in Europe over

14. War Ends (Pacific) Iwo Jima Okinawa Manhattan Project August 6, 1945
Needed for airstrip, bitter Japanese defense
Okinawa
Starting point for invasion of Japan, lots of casualties
Manhattan Project
Project to build Atomic Bomb
Oak Ridge plays key role
August 6, 1945
1st Atomic Bomb dropped on Hiroshima
August 9 – 2nd bomb dropped on Nagasaki
Japan surrenders – Sept. 2

15. Homefront - Economy Industry switches to war production
Economic recovery
Debt increases
Taxes increase
War bonds sold
Govt. manages economy
Office of Price Administration – wages and prices control
Rationing

16. Homefront - Women New jobs Outside of traditional roles - industry
“Rosie the Riveter”
New experiences
Influence future generations employment

17. Homefront - Minorities
African-Americans
Faced discrimination
“Double-V”
Executive Order 8802 – Fair hiring
Lays foundation for future civil rights movt.
Race riots
Mexican-Americans
Bracero Program
Japanese-Americans
Seen as threat
Placed in internment camps
Lose property

18. Holocaust (“Final Solution”)
Nazi attempt to exterminate the Jews
6 Million Jews and 5 million “undesirables”/opponents killed in concentration camps (death camps)
Anti-semitism popular in Nazi Germany
Nuremburg Laws restricted Jews’ rights
Allied response was weak initially
Allied soldiers liberate camps near end of WWII

19. Effects of WWII
Yalta Conference – Allies agree to free elections in Europe
Potsdam Conference – Allies agree to split Germany into 4 zones
Map changes – New boundaries / lost territory
Rise of 2 superpowers – US and USSR
United Nations founded to preserve peace
War criminals put on trial (Nuremburg Trials)
US assumes role of global leadership
US economy flourishes