1. “Space Race” United States Soviet Union Werhner von Braun
Sergei Korolev

2. African-American Civil Rights Movement

3. African-American Civil Rights Movement

4. Reflecting Upon Great Depression and WWII

5. The New Deal

6. Economic Recovery (Industry-Wide)
Failure
Economic Recovery (Industry-Wide)
- National Recovery Administration (NRA)
- Established “Codes of fair competition” between
management, labor, labor unions, and government
** “Codes of fair competition” were later declared unconstitutional by the U.S. Supreme Court

7. War Productions Board … Rationing program …
Red stamps …
Blue stamps …
Stabilization Act of 1942 …
Govt. stabilization
prices, wages, and
salaries at 1942 levels
Insurance and
pensions exempted

8. Successes Banking Reform Acts - Securities Act of 1933
- Emergency Relief Banking Act
- 4-day bank “holiday” - Federal inspection of industry
- Securities Act of 1933
- Securities and Exchange Commission
- Complete transparency on stock values
- SEC to regulate stock market
Glass-Steagall Act (1933)
- Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
- FDIC guarantees banking deposits, very important!!!
- Separates commercial & investment banks

9. Success - Civilian Conservation Corp (CCC)
- Employed men aged 18 to 25
* Building roads and water reservoirs
* Developing parks and trails
* Planted trees
- $30 a month, $25 to be sent home
- More than 3 billion trees were planted across the Great Plains to prevent another Dust Bowl

10. Dust Bowl
- “Black Sunday,” April 14, 1935 …
- Causes of the storms

11. Success Relief Programs - Works Progress Administration (WPA)
- Largest public works program of the New Deal!!
* Constructed highways, roads, streets
* 125,000 public buildings
* Over 800 airports and 8,000 parks
* Employed actors, writers, & musicians

13. Deflationary Spiral

14. Economic Recovery (Industry-Wide)
Success??
Economic Recovery (Industry-Wide)
- Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)
- Reduce supply of agricultural goods:
(1) Livestock, (2) Certain targeted crops, especially dairy,
and (3) Conserve land

15. Tennessee Valley Authority
Failure??
Tennessee Valley Authority
Success??
- Multiple Goals: Flood control, navigation, employment and electricity

16. Failure?? Success?? - Wagner Act
- Protect rights of workers to unionize
- Established National Labor Relations Board to investigate possible unfair labor practices

17. Failure?? Success?? - Social Security Act
- (1) Monthly retirement benefit to those 65 and older (today you can receive it at 62, 65, or 68)
- (2) Unemployment insurance to the temporary unemployed
- (3) Modest welfare payments to the needy, disabled, and poor mothers w/ dependent children

18. “What does this economic data tell us?
Unemployment Rates
Gross Domestic Product
$$ amount everything a nation
produces in a year
1928 – 4.2%
1930 – 8.7%
1932 – 23.6%
1934 – 21.7%
1936 – 17%
1938 – 19%
1940 – 14.6%
1942 – 4.7%
1944 – 1.2%
1946 – 3.9%
1928 – $97.4
1929 – $103.6
1930 – $91.2
1932 – $58.7
1934 – $66
1936 – $83.8
1938 – $86.1
1940 – $101.4
1942 – $161.9
1944 – $219.8
1946 – $222.3
“What does this economic data tell us?

19. Why was this economic growth possible?
(1) Massive government spending
Federal government budget
$9 billion
$100 billion
$323 billion during war years ( )
(2) 19 million new jobs – full employment
U.S. Army grew from 227,000 in 1939 to 16 million soldiers by (not all at the same time)
These soldiers taken out of the workforce
(3) Limited direct taxation to pay for war
(4) Renewed confidence by Americans

20. The Atomic Bombs - Trinity Test, July 16, 1945

21. Conventional Bombing & Potsdam
Conventional Bombing Campaign over Japan
Crazy number of bombs & destruction
Potsdam Declaration
** July 26, 1945
No more “world conquest”
Occupation of Japan
Disarm military
Prosecuting war criminals
Threatened “utter destruction”
Support democracy
Sustain economy
Withdrawal once established a “peacefully inclined and responsible government”

22. USS Indianapolis Sunk, July 30, 1945

24. Hiroshima Today

25. Nagasaki Today

26. How did WWII change the world? (politically and economically)

27. How did WWII change the world? (politically and economically)
In a word, “Chaos” and a desire for “Consensus”
International Conferences (Division of Germany)
Imperialism weakens ** Handout
International Agreements
GATT
United Nations ** Handout
Geneva Conventions (1949) ** Handout

28. Studying U. S. diplomatic agreements (conferences), the U. N
Studying U.S. diplomatic agreements (conferences), the U.N., and the Third Geneva Convention …
[1] What does the United States want to accomplish in the world?

29. United Nations (1945)
International organization meant to preserve peace and promote international economic development.
U.N. Security Council …
Page 627 ( “Universal Declaration of Human Rights” )

30. ** Soviet Union does not allow free and fair democratic elections
At Yalta, three major agreements:
** February 4 to 11, 1945
(1) Agreement about political future of Poland
(2) Declaration of Liberated Europe
(3) Germany divided into spheres of occupation
** Soviet Union does not allow free and fair democratic elections

32. ** Tensions increase due to German reparations
At Potsdam, a major agreement on reparations:
** 17 July to 2 August 1945.
- Exchange of resources between “Eastern” and “Western” Germany, to provide goods and products instead of cash.
** Tensions increase due to German reparations
between the Soviet Union and the United States.

33. Imperial Systems Around the World Weaken
1st, 2nd, and 3rd Worlds
Long process towards global liberation

34. Third Geneva Convention (1949)
The Geneva Conventions refers to four treaties (1864, 1906, 1929, and 1949) establishing international law on humane treatment during warfare of …
Civilians
Wounded
POW
Applies to all nations agreeing to the treaty

35. Third Geneva Convention (1949)
Take five minutes to read sections of the handout …
“What stands out to you?”
“What is emphasized regarding the treatment of prisoners of war by this document?”
Why is this important??
A major presidential candidate has made this an issue.

36. Third Geneva Convention (1949)
The document “Convention III relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War,” was revised in 1949, generally called the 3rd Geneva Convention.
Requires …
“Humane” treatment of prisoners
Wounded and sick to be cared for

37. WWII and Post-WWII Economic Consensus
Bretton Woods Conference (1944)
International
Monetary Fund (1945)
World Bank (1945)
$$$$ - U.S. dollar
GATT (1948) –
General Agreement on
Tariffs and Trade
Reducing tariffs, moving towards free trade

38. Studying U. S. diplomatic agreements (conferences), the U. N
Studying U.S. diplomatic agreements (conferences), the U.N., and the Third Geneva Convention …
[1] What does the United States want to accomplish in the world?

39. Read Chapter 15, Section One, “The Beginning of the Cold War,” pages 636-641, answering …
[1] United States citizens believed in …
[2] The Soviet “satellite states” …
[3] The Truman Doctrine …
[4] The Marshall Plan …
[5] NATO and Warsaw Pact …