1. Basic Chemistry
Section 2.1 (Matter)

2. Matter = Anything that takes up space.
Mass is the amount of matter in an object.
The Mass of an object doesn’t change BUT the Weight of an object DOES change because it is gravity dependent.

3. States of Matter Solid – Definite Shape & Definite Volume
Liquid – Definite Volume BUT NO Definite Shape
Gas – NEITHER Definite Volume nor Definite Shape

4. Atoms – are the building blocks of all matter.
Its hard to imagine it but everything
is made up of atoms!!!

5. Three Parts to an Atom In Nucleus Outside Nucleus 1. Protons ( + )
2. Neutrons (no charge)
Outside Nucleus
3. Electrons ( - )

6. Atomic Number & Mass Number
Atomic Number – the number of protons
Mass Number– made up of the protons & the neutrons
Carbon has 6 protons (atomic number)
It also has 6 neutrons – plus the 6 protons = 12 (atomic mass)

7. Composition of Matter Elements
Unique substances that can not be broken down into more simple substances
Examples?
A water molecule (H2O) can be broken down into 2 hydrogen molecules and 1 oxygen molecule – the hydrogen and the oxygen CANNOT be broken down any further…this is because they are elements.

8. The Periodic Table 118 elements, 92 occur in nature.
Arranged by Atomic Number
# of protons

9. Elements in the Earth’s Crust

10. Isotopes
Occur when there is a different number of neutrons than protons in an atom.

14. Atoms Most atoms are found in their natural state
They are neutral (no overall charge) – the # of electrons is = to the # of protons
When atoms start combining (bonding), the electrons move – forming IONS.

15. Ions Charged atom or molecule
The # of electrons does not equal the # of protons.
Can be positively (+) or negatively (-) charged.

16. ANION - negative
If the atom has more electrons than protons. (-)
Cl-
CATION - positive
If it has more protons than electrons. (+)
Na+

17. Example of Ions
Electron moves from 1 atom to the other – forming two ions

18. Atoms Like to Bond
A molecule is formed when two or more atoms join together chemically.

19. A Compound Which of these are COMPOUNDS?
Is a molecule that contains at least two different elements
Which of these are COMPOUNDS?

20. Ionic Bonding Swap electrons
The atom GAINING electrons becomes NEGATIVELY charged
The atom LOSING electrons becomes POSITIVELY charged
OPPOSITES ATTRACT – bonding occurs

21. Covalent Bonding Elements “share” electrons The strongest type of bond
H2O