1. Unit 2
Chemistry
Test Review

3. Anything that has _______ and _________.
What is Matter?
Anything that has _______ and _________.

4. Anything that has mass and volume.
What is Matter?
Anything that has mass and volume.

5. What is the smallest unit of matter?
Hint: not a Chihuahua!

6. What is the smallest unit of matter?
An Atom!

7. Hint: It’s not the skateboarding company!
What is an ?
Hint: It’s not the skateboarding company!

8. An element is “pure stuff”.
It is only one kind of atom in matter such as pure gold (Au)
Other Examples:
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Phosphorous

9. What are atoms made up of?
What are their charges? ?

10. What are atoms made up of?
What are their charges?

11. What makes up the Atomic Mass of the atom?
(Larger Number)

12. What makes up the Atomic Mass of the atom?
Protons +
Neutrons

13. What does the Atomic Number represent in an atom?

14. Also tells how many electrons are present
What does the Atomic Number represent in an atom?
# of Protons
Also tells how many electrons are present

15. What is an ION?

16. AN ION is when an atom has gained or lost electrons and become more + or -
Remember: Ion “I” am greedy!
“I” give or take electrons but do not share!

17. OK, now you know what an ion is, so what is an
Ionic Bond?

18. “I”onic Bond: When electrons are gained or lost (NO SHARING) between atoms to make a compound.
Hint: “I” am greedy! “I” give or take electrons but do not share!

19. Co-captains share their position
What is a covalent bond?
Hint:
Co-captains share their position
Atom
Atom

20. Covalent bond: When two atoms share electrons to create a compound.

21. What are Isotopes?

22. Isotopes are same element with different numbers of NEUTRONS!

23. OK…Isotopes are the same element with different numbers of neutrons.
How can I remember that?

24. Jimmy Neutron doesn’t push the wrong button!
I so hope
(sounds like Isotope)
Jimmy Neutron doesn’t push the wrong button!
Silly, but you’ll remember it!

25. Define: Compound

26. Compound
2 or more elements
combined chemically

27. Chemical and Physical

29. What type of changes in matter would be considered to be physical?

31. What type of changes in matter would be considered to be chemical?

33. What does a pH scale indicate (do not say the pH number)
What does a pH scale indicate (do not say the pH number). It is the concentration of ___?___ in a solution.

34. Hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution.
What does a pH scale indicate? (do not say the pH number). It is the concentration of
Hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution.
H OH-
H OH-
H = OH-

35. What is a Buffer? Don’t have a clue?
Hint: We have been dealing with pH, so it probably has something to do with
that.

36. Buffer What? It is a weak acid or base
Does? That reacts with strong acid or base
Why? to bring the pH back to neutral (Homeostasis)

37. What is a mixture?
What are the 2 types of mixtures that we talked about?

38. When two things are mixed together PHYSICALLY but can be separated
What is a mixture?
When two things are mixed together PHYSICALLY
but can be separated
What are the 2 types of mixtures that we talked about?
SOLUTION = even mixing (salt water)
SUSPENSION = won’t stay mixed (Italian dressing)

39. Define & Give and Example:
Solute
Solvent
Solution

40. Solute: What is dissolved by the solvent Ex: SALT
Solvent : What does the dissolving
Ex: WATER
Solution: When a solute is dissolved in a solvent
Ex: Salt + Water

41. What is the name for a type of mixture that there is NO DISSOLVING taking place?

42. Suspension: No Dissolving
Sand + Water
Oil + Vinegar

43. What is COHESION?
What is ADHESION?

44. What is COHESION? What is ADHESION? Same molecules sticking together
Water + Water
What is ADHESION?
Different molecules sticking together
Water + Glass

45. What is the weak bond called that forms between the polar molecules of water?

46. What is the weak bond called that forms between the polar molecules of water?
HYDROGEN BONDS

47. What is polarity? H
(+) H
(+) O
(-)
See a resemblance?

48. causing (+) on one side and (-) on the other
Polarity: Unequal sharing of electrons
causing (+) on one side and (-) on the other H
(+) H
(+)
See a resemblance? O
(-)

49. MACROMOLECULES

51. What element is the most important element for macromolecules?
And what can this molecule do that makes it so important?

52. CARBON! What element is the most important element for macromolecules?
And what can this molecule do that makes it so important?
Carbon has 4 electrons in its outer shell allowing it to make lots of different types of bonds:
4 SINGLE BONDS, 2 DOUBLE BONDS, 1 DOUBLE + 2 SINGLE, 1 TRIPLE + 1 SINGLE BOND

53. How many electron pairs are found in each of the bond types?
Which bond is strongest?

54. How many electron pairs are found in each of the bond types?
Which bond is strongest?
1 Pair
2 Pairs
3 Pairs

55. “__________________” removes water (H2O) when putting monomers together to make polymers.

56. “DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS” removes water (H2O) when combining monomers to make polymers.

57. Name the 4 types of macromolecules?
They are all organic compounds because they contain what?

58. Name the 4 types of macromolecules?
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
They are all organic compounds because they contain what?
CARBON

59. What elements are in carbohydrates?
Type of Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building block)
Functions
Examples
Carbohydrates
C, H, O
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
Monosaccharide
(sugar: C₆H₁₂O₆)
Energy – Quick
Plants = Starch
Animals = Glycogen
Structure and support
Plants = Cellulose
(fiber in cell walls)
Animals = Chitin
(exoskeletons)
What elements are in carbohydrates?

60. (Basic building block) Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
Type of Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building block)
Functions
Examples
Carbohydrates
C, H, O
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
Monosaccharide
(sugar: C₆H₁₂O₆)
Energy – Quick
Plants = Starch
Animals = Glycogen
Structure and support
Plants = Cellulose
(fiber in cell walls)
Animals = Chitin
(exoskeletons)

61. What is the monomer for Carbohydrates?
Type of Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building block)
Functions
Examples
Carbohydrates
C, H, O
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
Monosaccharide
(sugar: C₆H₁₂O₆)
Energy – Quick
Plants = Starch
Animals = Glycogen
Structure and support
Plants = Cellulose
(fiber in cell walls)
Animals = Chitin
(exoskeletons)
What is the monomer for Carbohydrates?

62. (Basic building block) Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
Type of Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building block)
Functions
Examples
Carbohydrates
C, H, O
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
Monosaccharide
(sugar: C₆H₁₂O₆)
Glucose
Energy – Quick
Plants = Starch
Animals = Glycogen
Structure and support
Plants = Cellulose
(fiber in cell walls)
Animals = Chitin
(exoskeletons)

63. What are the two functions?
Type of Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building block)
Functions
Examples
Carbohydrates
C, H, O
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
Monosaccharide
(sugar: C₆H₁₂O₆)
Energy – Quick
Plants = Starch
Animals = Glycogen
Structure and support
Plants = Cellulose
(fiber in cell walls)
Animals = Chitin
(exoskeletons)
What are the two functions?

64. (Basic building block) Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
Type of Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building block)
Functions
Examples
Carbohydrates
C, H, O
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
Monosaccharide
(sugar: C₆H₁₂O₆)
Energy – Quick
Plants = Starch
Animals = Glycogen
Structure & Support
Plants = Cellulose
(fiber in cell walls)
Animals = Chitin
(exoskeletons)

65. What are animal and plant examples of stored energy?
Type of Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building block)
Functions
Examples
Carbohydrates
C, H, O
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
Monosaccharide
(sugar: C₆H₁₂O₆)
Energy – Quick
Plants = Starch
Animals = Glycogen
Structure & Support
Plants = Cellulose
(fiber in cell walls)
Animals = Chitin
(exoskeletons)
What are animal and plant examples of stored energy?

66. (Basic building block) Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
Type of Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building block)
Functions
Examples
Carbohydrates
C, H, O
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
Monosaccharide
(sugar: C₆H₁₂O₆)
Energy – Quick
Plants = Starch
Animals = Glycogen
Structure & Support
Plants = Cellulose
(fiber in cell walls)
Animals = Chitin
(exoskeletons)

67. What are examples of plant and animal structure or support?
Type of Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building block)
Functions
Examples
Carbohydrates
C, H, O
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
Monosaccharide
(sugar: C₆H₁₂O₆)
Energy – Quick
Plants = Starch
Animals = Glycogen
Structure & Support
Plants = Cellulose
(fiber in cell walls)
Animals = Chitin
(exoskeletons)
What are examples of plant and animal structure or support?

68. (Basic building block) Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
Type of Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building block)
Functions
Examples
Carbohydrates
C, H, O
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
Monosaccharide
(sugar: C₆H₁₂O₆)
Energy – Quick
Plants = Starch
Animals = Glycogen
Structure & Support
Plants = Cellulose
(fiber in cell walls)
Animals = Chitin
(exoskeletons)

69. What the elements are for lipids?
Type of Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building block)
Functions
Examples
Lipids
(Fats, Oils, Waxes)
C, H, O
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
Fatty Acids
Glycerol with fatty acid chains attached
Energy Storage
Long term
Fats & Blubber
Cell Membranes
Phospholipids
Chemical Signals
Hormones
Repel Water
Waxes
What the elements are for lipids?

70. (Basic building block) Functions Examples
Type of Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building block)
Functions
Examples
Lipids
(Fats, Oils, Waxes)
C, H, O
Mostly Carbon & Hydrogen,
some Oxygen
Fatty Acids
Glycerol with fatty acid chains attached
Energy Storage
Long term
Fats & Blubber
Cell Membranes
Phospholipids
Chemical Signals
Hormones
Repel Water
Waxes

71. What are the monomers for lipids?
Type of Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building block)
Functions
Examples
Lipids
(Fats, Oils, Waxes)
C, H, O
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
Fatty Acids
Glycerol with fatty acid chains attached
Energy Storage
Long term
Fats & Blubber
Cell Membranes
Phospholipids
Chemical Signals
Hormones
Repel Water
Waxes
What are the monomers for lipids?

72. (Basic building block) Functions Examples
Type of Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building block)
Functions
Examples
Lipids
(Fats, Oils, Waxes)
C, H, O
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
Fatty Acids
Glycerol with fatty acid chains attached
Energy Storage
Long term
Fats & Blubber
Cell Membranes
Phospholipids
Chemical Signals
Hormones
Repel Water
Waxes

73. What are the 4 functions of lipids?
Type of Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building block)
Functions
Examples
Lipids
(Fats, Oils, Waxes)
C, H, O
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
Fatty Acids
Glycerol with fatty acid chains attached
Energy Storage
Long term
Fats & Blubber
Cell Membranes
Phospholipids
Chemical Signals
Hormones
Repel Water
Waxes
What are the 4 functions of lipids?

74. (Basic building block) Functions Examples
Type of Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building block)
Functions
Examples
Lipids
(Fats, Oils, Waxes)
C, H, O
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
Fatty Acids
Glycerol with fatty acid chains attached
Energy Storage
Long term
Fats & Blubber
Cell Membranes
Phospholipids
Chemical Signals
Hormones
Repel Water
Waxes

75. Give examples of each function
Type of Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building block)
Functions
Examples
Lipids
(Fats, Oils, Waxes)
C, H, O
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
Fatty Acids
Glycerol with fatty acid chains attached
Energy Storage
Long term
Fats & Blubber
Cell Membranes
Phospholipids
Chemical Signals
Hormones
Repel Water
Waxes
Give examples of each function

76. (Basic building block) Functions Examples
Type of Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building block)
Functions
Examples
Lipids
(Fats, Oils, Waxes)
C, H, O
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
Fatty Acids
Glycerol with fatty acid chains attached
Energy Storage
Long term
Fats & Blubber
Cell Membranes
Phospholipids
Chemical Signals
Hormones
Repel Water
Waxes

77. What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats
What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats? Be able to…
Explain structure differences
Explain bond differences
Explain which is solid and which is liquid at room temp.

78. What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?

79. What are the elements for proteins?
Type of Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building block)
Functions
Examples
Proteins
C, H, O, N
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
Amino Acids
Movement
Muscles
Absorb Light
Pigments
Chemical Signals
Hormones
Fight Infections
Antibodies
Carries Oxygen
Hemoglobin
Regulates Reactions
Enzymes
What are the elements for proteins?

80. (Basic building block) Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
Type of Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building block)
Functions
Examples
Proteins
C, H, O, N
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
Amino Acids
Movement
Muscles
Absorb Light
Pigments
Chemical Signals
Hormones
Fight Infections
Antibodies
Carries Oxygen
Hemoglobin
Regulates Reactions
Enzymes

81. What are the monomers of protein?
Type of Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building block)
Functions
Examples
Proteins
C, H, O, N
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
Amino Acids
Movement
Muscles
Absorb Light
Pigments
Chemical Signals
Hormones
Fight Infections
Antibodies
Carries Oxygen
Hemoglobin
Regulates Reactions
Enzymes
What are the monomers of protein?

82. (Basic building block) Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
Type of Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building block)
Functions
Examples
Proteins
C, H, O, N
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
Amino Acids
Movement
Muscles
Absorb Light
Pigments
Chemical Signals
Hormones
Fight Infections
Antibodies
Carries Oxygen
Hemoglobin
Regulates Reactions
Enzymes

83. (Basic building block) What are the 6 functions of Proteins?
Type of Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building block)
Functions
Examples
Proteins
C, H, O, N
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
Amino Acids
Movement
Muscles
Absorb Light
Pigments
Chemical Signals
Hormones
Fight Infections
Antibodies
Carries Oxygen
Hemoglobin
Regulates Reactions
Enzymes
What are the 6 functions of Proteins?

84. (Basic building block) Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
Type of Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building block)
Functions
Examples
Proteins
C, H, O, N
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
Amino Acids
Movement
Muscles
Absorb Light
Pigments
Chemical Signals
Hormones
Fight Infections
Antibodies
Carries Oxygen
Hemoglobin
Regulates Reactions
Enzymes

85. What are examples of each function?
Type of Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building block)
Functions
Examples
Proteins
C, H, O, N
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
Amino Acids
Movement
Muscles
Absorb Light
Pigments
Chemical Signals
Hormones
Fight Infections
Antibodies
Carries Oxygen
Hemoglobin
Regulates Reactions
Enzymes
What are examples of each function?

86. (Basic building block) Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
Type of Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building block)
Functions
Examples
Proteins
C, H, O, N
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
Amino Acids
Movement
Muscles
Absorb Light
Pigments
Chemical Signals
Hormones
Fight Infections
Antibodies
Carries Oxygen
Hemoglobin
Regulates Reactions
Enzymes

87. (Basic building block) Functions Examples
Type of Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building block)
Functions
Examples
Nucleic Acids
C, H, O, N, P
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
Phosphorous
Nucleotides
Genetic Info
DNA
Protein Synthesis (making)
RNA
Energy
ATP
What are the elements for Nucleic Acids?

88. (Basic building block) Functions Examples
Type of Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building block)
Functions
Examples
Nucleic Acids
C, H, O, N, P
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
Phosphorous
Nucleotides
Genetic Info
DNA
Protein Synthesis (making)
RNA
Energy
ATP

89. (Basic building block) Functions Examples
Type of Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building block)
Functions
Examples
Nucleic Acids
C, H, O, N, P
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
Phosphorous
Nucleotides
Genetic Info
DNA
Protein Synthesis (making)
RNA
Energy
ATP
What are the monomers for Nucleic Acids?

90. (Basic building block) Functions Examples
Type of Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building block)
Functions
Examples
Nucleic Acids   
C, H, O, N, P
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
Phosphorous
Nucleotides
Genetic Info
DNA
Protein Synthesis (making)
RNA
Energy
ATP

91. (Basic building block) Functions Examples
Type of Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building block)
Functions
Examples
Nucleic Acids   
C, H, O, N, P
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
Phosphorous
Nucleotides
Genetic Info
DNA
Protein Synthesis (making)
RNA
Energy
ATP
What are the functions 3 of Nucleic Acids?

92. (Basic building block) Functions Examples
Type of Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building block)
Functions
Examples
Nucleic Acids   
C, H, O, N, P
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
Phosphorous
Nucleotides
Genetic Info
DNA
Protein Synthesis (making)
RNA
Energy
ATP

93. (Basic building block) Functions Examples
Type of Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building block)
Functions
Examples
Nucleic Acids   
C, H, O, N, P
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
Phosphorous
Nucleotides
Genetic Info
DNA
Protein Synthesis (making)
RNA
Energy
ATP
What are examples of the functions?

94. (Basic building block) Functions Examples
Type of Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building block)
Functions
Examples
Nucleic Acids   
C, H, O, N, P
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
Phosphorous
Nucleotides
Genetic Info
DNA
Protein Synthesis (making)
RNA
Energy
ATP

95. Which macromolecule creates pigments for our skin, hair, eyes, hemoglobin (carry oxygen), antibodies to fight infection, and muscles (movement) for our bodies?

96. Which macromolecule creates pigments for our skin, hair, eyes, hemoglobin (carry oxygen), antibodies to fight infection, and muscles (movement) for our bodies?
PROTEINS

97. What are Enzymes? ?

98. What are Enzymes?
Proteins that speed up chemical reactions in our bodies.

99. Enzymes are catalysts in the body that help _____________________.
Name the 3 parts

100. Reactant that needs the help of an enzyme is called a substrate
Enzymes are catalysts in the body that help speed up chemical reactions.
Must know the 3 parts
Reactant that needs the help of an enzyme is called a substrate
Lock & Key

101. What 2 things affect enzymes ability to do their job?

102. What 2 things affect enzymes ability to do their job?
Temperature & pH

103. What are the reactants and products of this reaction?
Chemical Reactions
What are the reactants and products of this reaction?
A + B → C

104. What are the reactants and products of this reaction?
Chemical Reactions
What are the reactants and products of this reaction?
Reactants
A + B → C
Products

105. What is Activation Energy?

106. What is Activation Energy? Energy needed to get a reaction started

107. What is the difference between Exergonic and Endergonic reactions?

108. Activation Energy (energy needed to get a reaction started)
Energy Absorbed
Energy Released

109. __________, ___________, and ___________
Energy released during a chemical reaction is in the form of………
__________, ___________, and ___________

110. Energy released during a chemical reaction is in the form of………
Heat, Light, Sound

111. What is the difference between reaction A & B?

112. What is the difference between reaction A & B?