1. Motivation, Emotion, and Stress
Unit 8
Motivation, Emotion, and Stress

2. Unit 8
Day 1 – The Basis of Motivation (Module 37) Day 2 – Hunger and Sex (Modules 38 & 39) Day 3 – The Need to Belong (Module 40) and Week 1 Vocabulary Quiz Day 4 – Theories of Emotion and Detection (Modules 41 & 42) Day 5 – Stress and Unit 8 Review (Modules 43 & 44) Day 6 – CUA 8!

3. Module 39: Sexual Motivation

4. Physiology of Sex – The Sexual Response Cycle
Observed by the first true “sex psychologists” or “sexologists”, Masters and Johnson
Excitement phase – in men and women: genital areas engorge with blood, secondary sex organs (nipples, etc.) become more sensitive
Plateau phase – excitement peaks, in both men and women, breathing, pulse, and blood pressure increase
in men, penis becomes fully engorged and secretes seminal fluid
in women, vaginal secretion and lubrication increases
Orgasm – muscle contractions throughout body, peak in blood pressure, breathing, and pulse (70 bpm to 115 bpm)
in women, orgasm and arousal positions uterus to receive sperm
Resolution – men and women return to unaroused state as blood is released from genitalia
Refractory period – the time in which one is unable to return to orgasm
In men, can last for a few minutes to a day or more
In women, extremely short, lasting seconds to minutes

5. Sexual Dysfunctions and Paraphilias
Masters and Johnson wanted to also describe PROBLEMS in sexual function
Sexual dysfunction are problems that consistently impair arousal or functioning
Erectile disorder – an inability to gain or maintain erection
Premature ejaculation – early and pre-orgasmic ejaculation of sperm
Female orgasmic disorder – distress over infrequent or inability to orgasm
Paraphilias
Sexual motivators that cause arousal in unusual or atypical ways
Exhibitionism, fetishism, pedophilia, BDSM, etc.
NOT ALL PARAPHILIAS ARE DYSFUNCTIONAL

6. Hormones and Sexual Behavior
Hormones have two effects:
Direct physical development of men and women
Activate sexual behavior
Estrogen – female primary sex hormone
Testosterone – male primary sex hormone, lack of it causes men to lose sexual desire
In women, during the days surrounding ovulation, preference for masculine facial features and increased sexual activity is noted
For men, testosterone surges around attractive women, resulting in higher risk- taking behavior

7. The Psychology of Sex
Men and women respond at roughly the same levels when confronted with seeing, hearing, or reading erotic material (external stimuli).
Studies indicate external stimuli affect our beliefs about sex:
Sexual arousal about women’s knees peaked in the 1920s as dress hems moved up the leg.
Depictions of sexual coercion and violence increase the likelihood that individuals will believe women “enjoy” coercion and violence.
Overconsumption of pornography is linked to dissatisfaction with current partners in both men and women.
Additionally, 95% of men and women indicate they have internal stimuli, such as fantasies or sex dreams, though men report it as more common, more physical, and less romantic.
However, fantasies and such do NOT indicate an unhealthy or dissatisfying sex life.