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Pelycosaur cladogram
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PELYCOSAURIA Ophiacodontidae
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PELYCOSAURIA - Varanopseidae
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PELYCOSAURIA - Varanopseidae
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Pelycosauria - Edaphodauridae
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Pelycosauria - Sphenacodontidae
Dimetrodon
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Pelycosaur “sails” -- allometry and thermoregulation
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Pelycosauria - Sphenacodontidae
Haptodus -- probable therapsid ancestor
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Therapsids “advanced” mammal-like reptiles
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CLASS THERAPSIDA Tritylodonts Therocephalians Cynodonts
Tetraceratops early Permian, N. Amer. Phthinosuchus late Permian, Asia Dincephalia late Permian, Asia, S Africa Anomodontia Dicynodonts late Permian - mid Triassic world-wide to early Cretaceous? -- Australia Theriodontia Gorgonopsians late Permian, S. Africa, Asia Tritylodonts late Triassic – mid Jurassic Eurasia, S Africa, N & S America Therocephalians late Permian – early Triassic Asia, Africa, Antarctica Cynodonts late Permian – early Jurassic Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Europe, N & S America
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Therapsid cladogram
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Therapsid evolution CYNOGNATHUS SPHENACODONT PELYCOSAUR ANCESTOR
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THERAPSIDA Tetraceratops -- earliest Therapsid
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THERAPSIDA Phthinosuchus
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THERAPSIDA Dinocephalia Titanophoneus
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THERAPSIDA Dinocephalia Estemmenosuchus
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THERAPSIDA Dicynodontia Emydops Diictodon Kannemeyeria
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THERAPSIDA Dicynodontia Early Cretaceous -- Australia ?
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THERAPSIDA Tritylodontia Tritylodon Kayentatherium
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THERAPSIDA Gorgonopsia Lycaenops
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THERAPSIDA Therocephalia Pristerognathus
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THERAPSIDA Cynodontia Thrinaxodon
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THERAPSIDA Cynodontia Cynognathus
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THERAPSIDA Cynodontia Trithelodonts (Ictidosaurs) late Triassic –
early Jurassic
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Therapsida – advanced cynodonts
Trirachodon Cynognathus
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Primitive to advanced cynodonts
Kayentatherium early Triassic Probainognathus late Triassic Thrinaxodon Procynosuchus late Permian
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Therapsid evolution toward
Mammalian grade
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