1. Social Structure and Norms Review
Blackhurst

2. Agenda
It’s been a while… so let’s review what we’ve learned. 
Norms More, Folkways, Laws
American Values Robin Williams’ 1 5 2
Culture Material and Non-material culture 6
Culture Change Diffusion, Discovery and Invention 3
Sanctions Formal, Informal, Positive, Negative 7
Subculture and Countercultures 4
Values How can we tell what a society values? 8
Components of Culture Taboos, Symbols, Language

3. Laws are mores formalized into laws.
Norms
Mores, Folkways, Laws
Laws are mores formalized into laws.
Mores
Folkways
Have a greater moral significance
Violations of Mores endangers the well-being & stability of society
Do not kill other people
Do not steal
Do not hurt children
Keep your promises
Pay back borrowed money
Rules that cover customary practices without a moral concern
Males—take off hats inside a building
Sending “Thank You” notes
Using proper table manners
Do not eat peas with your fingers
Shake hands when you are introduced to someone
Get to class on time
Do your homework
Do not cut in line

4. Can you come up with more examples of material/non-material culture?
Material and Non-material
Material Culture.
The concrete, tangible objects of a culture.
All of these physical aspects of a culture help to define its members‘ behaviors and perceptions.
Ex: Art pieces, sculptures, computers
Non-Material Culture.
Non-Material Culture---ideas, knowledge, and beliefs that influence people’s behaviors

5. Sanctions Formal, Informal, Positive and Negative
What are the possible sanctions for someone who received a D in Sociology on their report card?
Negative – Having a “D” bring your gpa down.
Positive – none
Formal – Teacher calls home.
Informal – Your friends make fun of you because they know sociology is an easy class.

6. Values
How can we tell what a society values?
Societies values show up in their norms. If a culture values a specific set of rules for it’s people, it will impose those rules upon the people by making them conform to norms.

7. American Values Robin Williams
(7) Material Comfort (8) Humanitarianism (9) Freedom (10) Democracy (11) Equality (12) Racism and Group Superiority (13) Education (14) Religiosity (15) Romantic Love
(1) Achievement and Success (2) Individualism (3) Activity and Work (4) Efficiency and Practicality (5) Science and Technology (6) Progress

8. Culture Change Diffusion, Discovery and Invention
Diffusion - process of spreading culture traits from society to society. Technology and material traits diffuse faster than beliefs and ideas.
Discovery – societies creating culture based on discovery for new uses of former ways to conform
Ex: Light bulb (There was always a way to light a room with a candle. They discovered a new way.)
Invention – Creation of culture traits and patterns from new elements in a society

9. Subculture And counterculture.
Subculture  a group that is part of the dominant culture but that differs from it in some important respects
Counterculture  a subculture deliberately and consciously opposed to certain central beliefs or attitudes of the dominant culture

10. Culture Complexes individual culture traits combine to form culture
Culture Components
Culture Patterns combination of a number of culture complexes into an interrelated whole
Culture Complexes individual culture traits combine to form culture
Culture Traits individual tool, act, or belief that’s related to a particular situation or need

11. Culture Symbols, Language
Symbols stand for or represent something else.
Some symbols have greater meaning than others.
Language affects culture in different ways.
It helps define reality by restricting thought to available words.
It shapes behavior in the same manner.
Equipped with language, humans can pass their experiences, ideas, and knowledge to others.

12. Arapesh v. Mundugumor
What did we learn about their personalities compared with their culture?
Who studied these cultures? Margaret Mead Where did she study? New Guinea When did she study? 1930s Why did she study these people? Her purpose was to determine whether differences in personal temperament results mainly from inherited characteristics or cultural influences.