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Nervous System Every time you move a muscle & every time you think a thought, your nerve cells are hard at work. They are processing information: receiving.

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Presentation on theme: "Nervous System Every time you move a muscle & every time you think a thought, your nerve cells are hard at work. They are processing information: receiving."— Presentation transcript:

1 Nervous System Every time you move a muscle & every time you think a thought, your nerve cells are hard at work. They are processing information: receiving signals, deciding what to do with them, & dispatching new messages off to their neighbors. Some nerve cells communicate directly with muscle cells, sending them the signal to contract. Other nerve cells are involved solely in the bureaucracy of information, spending their lives communicating only with other nerve cells. But unlike our human bureaucracies, this processing of information must be fast in order to keep up with the ever-changing demands of life.

2 Why do animals need a nervous system?
Because the world is always coming at you!

3 Nervous System Central nervous system Peripheral nervous system
cerebrum cerebellum spinal cord cervical nerves thoracic lumbar femoral nerve sciatic tibial Nervous System Central nervous system brain & spinal chord Peripheral nervous system nerves from senses nerves to muscles

4 Nervous system cells Neuron a nerve cell dendrites cell body axon
signal direction dendrites cell body axon signal direction synapse

5 Fun facts about neurons
Most specialized cell in animals Longest cell blue whale neuron 10-30 meters giraffe axon 5 meters human neuron 1-2 meters Nervous system allows for 1 millisecond response time

6 Myelin coating Axon coated with insulation made of myelin cells
signal direction Axon coated with insulation made of myelin cells speeds signal signal hops from node to node 330 mph vs. 11 mph myelin coating Multiple Sclerosis immune system (T cells) attacks myelin coating loss of signal

7 Synapse Junction between nerve cells
1st cell releases chemical to trigger next cell where drugs affect nervous system synapse

8 Types of neurons sensory neuron (from senses) interneuron
(brain & spinal chord) motor neuron (to muscle)

9 Human brain

10 Primitive brain The “lower brain” Functions medulla oblongata pons
cerebellum Functions basic body functions breathing, heart, digestion, swallowing, vomiting homeostasis coordination of movement

11 Higher brain Cerebrum Corpus callosum 2 hemispheres
left = right side of body right = left side of body Corpus callosum connection between 2 hemispheres

12 Division of Brain Function
Left hemisphere “logic side” language, math, logic operations, vision & hearing details fine motor control Right hemisphere “creative side” pattern recognition, spatial relationships, non-verbal ideas, emotions, multi-tasking

13 Cerebrum specialization
Regions specialized for different functions Lobes frontal speech, control of emotions temporal smell, hearing occipital vision parietal speech, taste reading frontal parietal occipital temporal

14 Limbic system Controls basic emotions (fear, anger), involved in emotional bonding, establishes emotional memory

15 Simplest Nerve Circuit
Reflex, or automatic response rapid response automated signal only goes to spinal cord no higher level processing advantage essential actions don’t need to think or make decisions about blinking balance pupil dilation startle

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