1. CHAPTER 5 SECTION 1
THE RISE OF ROME

2. THE LAND AND PEOPLE OF ITALY
Italy is a peninsula, averaging 120 mi. across.
The Apennine mts. run from N to S, dividing it into an E and W half. These mts. did not isolate communities like Greece.
They had large plains to sustain farming and people. Po and Tiber River Valleys.
Rome was 18 miles inland on the Tiber. It was located on top of 7 hills, making it easily defendable.
The Latins lived in Latium, or where Rome is.

3. The group that most influence the Romans, however, was the Etruscans.
The Greeks greatly influenced Roman society. They grew olives and grapes, passed on their alphabet, and sculptor, architecture, and lit.
The group that most influence the Romans, however, was the Etruscans.
Romans adopted the Etruscan toga and short cloak, and organization of the army.
The Etruscans found Rome a village and turned it into a city.

4. War and conquest
In 509 B.C., the Romans overthrew the last Etruscan king and established a Republic in which the leader is NOT a monarch, and some people have the right to vote.
Romans eventually conquered all of Italy.
They est. the Roman Confederation to rule. They allowed Latins to be full Roman citizens.
Remaining cities were made allies. They were allowed to control their own affairs, as long as they provided soldiers for Rome.

5. Successful strategies
Romans believed they were successful because of their duty, courage and discipline. They were also good diplomats and militarily skilled.
They were also strategists. As they conquered areas, they built fortified towns and connected them with roads.
This allowed soldiers and supplies to be easily moved.

6. Roman political structure
Society was divided into two groups, the patricians (wealthy landowners who became the ruling class), and plebians (small farmers, craftsman, and merchants).
Men in both groups were citizens and could vote.
The CEOs of the Roman Republic were the consuls and praetors.
The two consuls, chosen every two years, ran the gov and led the army into battle.
The Praetor was in charge of civil law.

7. The Roman Senate became very important.
It was made of about 300 patricians who served for life.
At first, it only advised gov officials. By 3rd century B.C., it had the force of law.
Eventually, the plebians were able to form the Council of the Plebs, and over time, were able to make laws for all Romans.
All male Roman citizens were now supposedly = under law.
This was not a democracy, they joined some patricians and formed a new ruling class.

8. Roman Expansion- The three punic wars
The Phoenicians founded Carthage on the coast of north Africa. It was a very wealthy trade empire.
Punic comes from a Latin word for Phoenician.
The First Punic War- There were Carthaginians on Sicily, close to Italy. Both sides sent armies there to control Sicily. Rome won and Sicily became the first Roman province.
Rome encouraged a Spanish ally of Carthage to revolt. The Second Punic War began.

9. Rome also conquered Macedonia and Greece.
The Second Punic War- Carthaginian general Hannibal brought the war to Rome.
Rome lost the battle of Cannae, and their army.
Hannibal roamed Italy.
Rome freed Spain from Carthage. Then, rather than attacking Hannibal, they attacked Carthage, causing Hannibal to return home.
Spain became a Roman province.
The Third Punic War- The Romans attacked and destroyed Carthage. Carthaginians were sold into slavery. Carthage became the Roman province of Africa.
Rome also conquered Macedonia and Greece.