1. “Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears”
ROME
“Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears”

2. Geography Alps Mediterranean Sea Harbors, inland trade Apennines Mts.
Economics
Rivers, swamps

3. Founding of Rome Legend of Romulus and Remus
The Latins, the Tiber River and the seven hills
Greek colonies
Agriculture
Grapes and olives
Art
Religion
Architecture
Government

4. The Etruscans Natives of northern Italy Gifts from the Etruscans:
Roads
Swamps
Weapons
Arch
Alphabet
Triumph

5. 600bce Etruscan became king of Rome
First temples and public buildings
Palatine hill and the Forum
509bce – Romans overthrow the last Etruscan king

6. The Republic
Republic – power rests with the citizens who have the right to vote to select their leaders
Power struggle:
Patricians
Plebeians
Twelve Tables
Written code of laws
Basis of later laws
All free citizens had a right to protection of the law

7. Government under the Republic
Consuls (2)
Executive branch
Commander-in-chief
Praetors (8)
Judicial branch
Judges
Civil and criminal courts

8. Republic Government cont.
Senate (300)
Legislative branch
Patricians
$$$
Centuriate Assembly
Citizen soldiers
Tribal Assembly (35 tribes)
Plebeians
Tribunes (10)

9. The Roman Army Landowners 10 year service Legions – 5,000 men
Centuries – 80 men
Equipment
Armor, helmet, shield, sword, dagger, throwing spear, cooking pot, and clothing
Self-sufficient

10. Punic Wars bce
By 265bce Romans controlled the Italian peninsula
Carthage:
Commercial empire on north African coast
Controlled Sicily
Romans feared Carthage
Carthage navy
Roman land advantage

11. First Punic War, 264-241bce Rome lacked a navy
Rome used land tactics at sea
Carthage asked for peace
Indemnity
Sicily

12. Second Punic War, 218-202bce Hannibal’s army Hannibal’s debacle
Infantry, cavalry, war elephants
Hannibal’s debacle
Hannibal spent 15 years living off the land, harassing the countryside, attacking Romans, but . . .
Scipio
Carthage asked for peace:
Indemnity
Spanish colonies

13. Third Punic War, 149-146bce Cato and the Senate Senate’s decision
Roman conquest
Result: Rome Controls the Mediterranean Sea