1. Physical and Human Characteristics of Europe

2. Europe, World War I

3. World War II Europe

4. Europe Today

5. Landforms of Europe
The Alps

6. The Alps

7. The Pyrenees

9. Rivers in Europe

10. Danube River
Second Longest River in Europe
Starts in Germany

11. Volga River
Longest River in Europe

12. Europe’s Landscape
Mountains in Europe are less steep and more rounded due to Glaciation
Glaciation: The process in which glaciers are formed and spread
Southern edge of Europe is fertile due to LOESS
Loess: A fine, rich, wind-borne soil left by glaciers

13. Problems in Europe 25 % of the Netherlands is below sea level
Dike System
Large banks of earth and stone to hold out water

14. Dutch Polder System
Polder: Reclaimed Lands protected by Dikes

15. Number Heads Together
What are some of the benefits of the Dike/Polder system? What are some of the cons?

16. Northern Peninsula Peninsula: a region surrounded by water on 3 sides
Glaciation creates Fjords, long cut, narrow, steep sided inlets

18. Jutland Peninsula

19. Southern Peninsula

20. Southern Peninsula Iberian Peninsula: Spain and Portugal
Mostly Plateau
Cut off from the rest of Europe by the Pyrenees
Italian Peninsula

21. European Islands
The British Isles
Iceland

22. Iceland
Iceland Documentary

23. Number Heads Together
What are some factors that lead make Iceland such an extreme climate?

24. Influences on Climate Altitude Latitude
North Atlantic Current- Brings warm winds into the Europe during January, brings mild temperatures

25. High Latitude Regions
Permafrost: Soil that is permanently frozen below the surface

26. High Latitudinal Regions
Places like Sweden, Norway, Finland
Look and feel more like mid latitudinal climates because of currents bringing warm air and water

28. Mid latitude Regions Mistrals, Siroccos, and Foehns
Mistrals: a strong north wind from the Alps, sending gusts of bitterly cold air into southern France
Siroccos: Hot dry winds from North Africa
Foehns: Blow down from the mountains into valleys, can trigger avalanches

29. Dry Climate Regions Hungary, Serbia, Romania, Ukraine
The farther away from the Atlantic the dryer they get
The farther away from water the more extreme the temperature shifts

30. Number Heads together
Why do large bodies of water, like the ocean, impact or change the climate?

31. Islands Summary
Iceland: Volcanic, hot springs and geyzers; tundra climate, marine west coast climate
British Isles: Consist of Great Britain and Ireland,
Italian islands: Rugged mountains form islands from Sicily, Sardinia, Corsica, Crete, and Cyprus in the Mediterranean Sea

32. Resources Petroleum Natural Gas
Coal in the UK, Germany, Ukraine and Poland
France invests heavily in Nuclear Power

33. Peninsulas
They’re everywhere
Glaciation
Iberian Peninsula

34. Rivers Danube and Volga Rivers
Important for transportation and Urban development

35. Northern European Plain
Western France, Through Poland, Ukraine and into Russia

36. Mountains The Alps and the Pyrenees Alps are young, high, and jagged
Source of Europe’s major rivers
Form natural barriers between countries
Separate climates as well