1. Respiratory Problems

2. Hyperventilation Caused by panic Exhale too much CO2
pH of blood becomes too basic (increases pH #)

4. Pneumothorax: collapsed lung *air in the pleural cavity

5. Remove the air so lung can inflate

6. Pneumonia CAUSES OF PNEUMONIA
Pneumonia can have over 30 different causes.
The two main causes:
Bacteria
Viruses

7. Pneumonia is an inflammation or infection of the lungs.
Air sacs fill with pus, mucus, and other liquid restricting oxygen from reaching the blood.
Bronchial Pneumonia
Lobar Pneumonia

8. “Walking Pneumonia”
Less severe form where the patient isn’t confined to bed or hospitalized.

9. Bronchitis Inflammation caused by: Virus Bacteria Smoking
Inhalation of chemical pollutants or dust
Cells lining bronchi are irritated and cilia within them stop functioning.
Air passages clogged by debris
Heavy secretion of mucus develops, causing the characteristic cough of bronchitis

11. Asthma: *chronic disease; inflammation of the airways (smooth muscles around airways constrict)

12. Some key points
Asthma is very common and ranges from mild to severe.
Symptoms: Wheeze, cough and shortness of breath
Certain 'triggers' may make symptoms worse: exercise, colds, pollen, allergy to pets, air pollution.
Inhalers are the main treatment.
Reliever inhalers relax the muscle in the airways to ease symptoms.
Preventer inhalers reduce inflammation which stops symptoms from developing.
A short course of steroid tablets may be needed now and then to treat a bad attack of asthma.

15. Emphysema

16. Alveolar sacs deep in the lungs are damaged.
                                                            

17. Less oxygen available to the body.
Elasticity of the air sacs and the airways are destroyed.
Patients need to forcefully blow the air out to empty the lungs.
Walls of the air sacs may tear.
Excessive coughing may cause the airways to collapse as well.
Lungs may become enlarged and less efficient
Less surface area available for gas exchange.
Heart has to work harder
Less oxygen available to the body.

18. Smoking is responsible for the majority (80% - 90%) of emphysema.

19. Autopsy of Emphysema Patient (former patient)
Click for crazy cool video!
Autopsy of Emphysema Patient (former patient)

20. Sleep Apnea

21. Sleep Apnea "apnea“ (Greek root) means "without breath."
People with sleep apnea stop breathing repeatedly during their sleep, sometimes hundreds of times during the night and often for a minute or longer.
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is caused by a blockage of the airway
usually when the soft tissue in the rear of the throat collapses and closes during sleep.
In central sleep apnea, the airway is not blocked but the brain fails to signal the muscles to breathe.

22. Risk factors:
male, overweight, and over the age of forty
but sleep apnea can strike anyone at any age, even children.
Airway collapses

24. Sudden Infant Death Syndrome: SIDS
sudden death of an infant under one year of age which remains unexplained after a thorough case investigation, including performance of a complete autopsy, examination of the death scene, and review of the clinical history.

25. Sometimes babies die.
No one knows the reason why.
NO ONE IS TO BLAME.
To help keep baby safe:
Sleep on back
Do not put anything in the crib with
the baby (form bed; not soft toys or bedding)
Don’t smoke around your baby
Do not let your baby get too hot.
Keep baby close but not in your bed
Breastfeed as long as possible (decreases risk 50% but don’t know why)
Don’t give infant honey (don’t know why this increases risk)

27. Don't let anybody smoke near your baby before or after it is born    
                                
    
Smoking mothers have small babies which also increases risk of SIDS
Infants are three times more likely to die of SIDS if their mothers smoked both during and after pregnancy!