1. The Sea Floor or Ocean Basins
Oceans
The Sea Floor or Ocean Basins

2. Continental shelf - The underwater gradual slope at the boundaries of the continents.
Can be as narrow as 6 miles or as wide as 200 miles.

3. Continental Slope – the steep drop off in gradient from the edge of the shelf down to the ocean floor
Continental Slope

4. Abyssal Plains – The flat valley of the seafloor covered by mostly sediment from land erosion

5. Seamounts – Underwater hills and inactive volcanos found on the abyssal plains

6. Mid-ocean ridge – underwater mountain ranges formed where crustal plated pull apart and new ocean floor is created from the escaping magma

7. Sea floor spreading

8. Largest Mountain Ridge in the world
Mid-Atlantic ridge
Largest Mountain Ridge in the world

10. Subduction Zone – an area where two crustal plates collide and one slides under the other, Also forms ocean trenches
Subduction Zone

13. I. Resources from the Continental Shelf
Oil and Natural Gas
1. 20% of the world’s oil comes from the seafloor
2. Extracted by drilling wells from platforms

15. I. Resources from the Continental Shelf (continued)
B. Phosphorite and Limestone
Used for fertilizer and concrete

16. I. Resources from the Continental Shelf (continued)
C. Food
Seafood delicacies: Lobster, Rays, Eel, Urchin
As additives –Seaweed and Kelp

17. II. Resources from the Deep sea
There are many rare resources in the deep sea.
Cost and lack of technology to mine from extremely deep depths currently prevent mining in this location.

18. CO2 + H2O + Sunlight  O2 + Sugar
Ocean Life
Photosynthetic Life - Life that uses sunlight and carbon dioxide to make food and oxygen
CO2 + H2O + Sunlight  O2 + Sugar
Oxygen
Water
CO2

19. Ocean Life
Chemosynthetic Life – bacteria that uses chemicals to create food
a. Examples use sulphur and nitrogen compounds as an energy source
b. They live along the bottom of the ocean near hydrothermal vents

20. Ocean Life
Plankton – microscopic Life that photosynthesizes
a. The primary food source for marine life
b. Float with the ocean current
c. Produce 50% of the world’s oxygen

21. Ocean Life
Nekton – animals that actively swim in the ocean currents
a. they control their buoyancy – float/sink

22. Ocean Life
Benthos – bottom dweller. Plant or animals that live at the ocean floor
a. crabs, lobsters, urchins, anemones, sponges

23. Shoreline terms
Beaches – sandy coasts, constantly changing due to wave action
Rocky shore – rocks along the coast, more stable, still have wave actions
Tidal pools – trapped water puddles, used by marine live to raise their young away from the dangers of the open ocean