1. Do Now
Sit SILENTLY, stay silent, and answer the following questions in your notes please.
Describe estuaries and explain their importance.
What part of the water cycle can cause an estuary to become polluted?
Explain the process of upwelling and explain why it is essential to life.
How is upwelling increased in estuaries?

2. Lifestyles
In Ocean Zones

3. Ocean Zones (shoreline to open ocean)
Intertidal Zone
Neritic Zone
Oceanic Zone
Benthic Zone

4. Intertidal Zone Neritic Zone Oceanic Zone Continental Shelf
Sunlight
Continental
Shelf
Benthic Zone

5. Intertidal Zone Area between high tide line and low tide line
Organisms adapted to harsh, changing environments
Intertidal
Zone
Continental
Shelf

6. Neritic Zone Area over the continental shelf
Continental shelf – The outer edge of a continent
Area of greatest density and diversity of marine life
Neritic
Zone
Continental
Shelf

7. Oceanic Zone From the end of the continental shelf out to open ocean

8. Benthic Zone The Ocean Floor Underlies all the other zones

9. Stop and Check #1 Which zone has the biggest diversity of life?
Why do you think that is?

10. Ocean Zones from Surface to Floor
Now we are going to look at ocean zones from the surface to the floor and the ocean life that lives in them.

11. Epipelagic Zone
Mesopelagic Zone
200
Bathypelagic Zone
Abyssopelagic Zone
Hadopelagic Zone
1000
4000
6000
11,000

12. Ocean Zones (surface to ocean floor)
Epipelagic Zone
Photic Zone or Sunlight Zone
Mesopelagic Zone
Disphotic Zone or Twilight Zone
Bathypelagic Zone
Aphotic zone or Midnight Zone
Abyssopelagic Zone
Aphotic Zone or Midnight Zone
Hadopelagic Zone

13. Epipelagic Zone Photic Zone Enough sunlight for photosynthesis
Primary area of food production
From surface down to about 200 meters 0m
Epipelagic Zone
200m
Sunlight Zone
Photic Zone

14. Stop and check #2
Why would this be the best place for food production to take place?

15. Mesopelagic Zone Dysphotic Zone
Not enough sunlight to support photosynthesis
From about
200 m down to 1,000 m
Mesopelagic Zone
200m
1,000m

16. Stop and check #3
Would you find more or less life in this level? Why?

17. Midnight Zones No sunlight
From 1,000 m down to ocean floor, or around 11,000 m
Low density and diversity of marine life
1,000m
Midnight Zone
11,000m

18. Bathypelagic Zone No sunlight From 1,000 m down to 4,000 m
Low density and diversity of marine life
1,000m
Bathypelagic Zone
4,000m

19. Abyssopelagic Zone No sunlight From 4,000 m down to 6,000 m
Low density and diversity of marine life
4,000m
Abyssopelagic Zone
6,000m

20. Hadopelagic Zone No sunlight
From 6,000 m down to ocean floor, or around 11,000 m
Low density and diversity of marine life
6,000m
Hadopelagic Zone
11,000m

21. Stop and check #4
In the midnight zones, why is there less abundance and diversity of life?
What process by microbes has to occur for the food chain to be productive at these depths?
Where do they get their nutrients from?

22. Lifestyles in the Zones
3 Basic Lifestyles:
Plankton
Nekton
Benthos

23. Plankton Floaters or very poor swimmers
Plankton divided into 2 groups:
Phytoplankton – producers, photosynthesizers
Zooplankton – consumers

24. Stop and check #5
Where do the 2 types of plankton get their energy from?

25. Phytoplankton Must live in the photic zone
Most abundant in shallow coastal areas or in upwelling zones
The basis of the oceanic food web

26. Nekton (swimmers) Free swimmers Maneuver actively in the water column
Found in the water column from surface to ocean floor

27. Nekton (swimmers) 5 Categories: Reptiles Mammals Fish Arthropods
Mollusks

28. Nekton (swimmers)
Marine Reptiles:
Turtles
Snakes
Crocodiles
Iguanas

29. Nekton (swimmers) Marine Mammals: Whales Seals Otters Manatees
Dolphins

30. Nekton (swimmers)
Bony Fish:
Tuna
Barracuda
Eels
Angler Fish

31. Nekton (swimmers)
Cartilaginous Fish
Sharks
Rays
Skates

32. Nekton (swimmers)
Marine Arthropods
Shrimp
Mollusks
Squid
Octopi

33. Benthos (bottom dwellers)
Live either on or attached to the bottom
Primarily filter feeders or scavengers

34. Benthos (bottom dwellers)
2 Basic Types:
Sessile - Live attached to the bottom
Vagrant - Able to move about

35. Benthos (bottom dwellers)
Sessile:
Barnacles
Sponges
Corals
Sea Anemones
Oysters
Clams

36. Benthos (bottom dwellers)
Vagrant:
Crabs
Sea Stars
Sea Cucumbers
Sea Urchins
Brittle Stars

37. Exit Ticket
Why is the biggest diversity of life located in shallow water or close to the shore?
How do the creatures living in the deeper benthos layers get their food?
Why are phytoplankton essential to life in the ocean?