1. Chapter 22

2. Reconstruction

3. Reconstruction 1865-1877 Period of rebuilding after the Civil War
Successful?

4. Questions Should Confederates be punished? Who? How?
Do the southern states need to be readmitted to the Union? If so, how?
Should the north help the south rebuild? Physically? Financially?
Should the government compensate freed slaves?
Are freed slaves citizens? What rights should they have?

5. Southern perspective
“And I don’t want no pardon for what I was or am, I won’t be reconstructed for I don’t give a damn.”

6. Responses to Emancipation
Slave owners:
Violence
Refusal
Unable to prevent

7. Responses to Emancipation
African Americans:
Confusion
Joined Union troops
Violent towards masters
New names
Marriages  strengthen families
Church life
Education

8. Movement/Migration
,000 freedmen moved from LA/TX/MS to KS
“Exodusters”

9. What would you do if you were a 17 year old freed by the 13th Amendment? Why?

10. What would you do if you were a 55 year old plantation owner whose 40 slaves were freed because of the 13th Amendment?

11. Freedmen’s Bureau Created by Congress on March 3, 1865
For freedmen and poor whites
Provided food, clothing, medical care, education
Education

12. Freedmen’s Bureau Expired in 1872
Hated by lots of whites and southerners

14. Reconstruction Plans

15. Lincoln Views: secession not legal so southern states never left Union
Plan: 1863, 10% Plan:
Southern states form new state governments
10% loyalty oath

16. Republicans in Congress
Thought Lincoln was being too easy
Wade-Davis Bill- 50% loyalty oath
Lincoln vetoed
Split Republican party into factions Radicals

17. Johnson Views: from TN, refused to secede, democrat
Plan: mostly same stuff as Lincoln:
Disenfranchised some Confederates (pardon)
State governments had to “repeal secession” and ratify 13th Amendment

18. Because of Johnson’s plan…
Lots of southern states began rejoining the Union
Republicans in Congress worried
South has lots of new representation
Started overriding Johnson’s stuff

19. Congressional/Radical Reconstruction
Presidential:
Congressional:

20. Congressional/Radical Reconstruction
10% Plan
14th Amendment:
Blacks are citizens (cannot vote)
Reduced representation of a state if they didn’t allow blacks to vote
Disqualified former Confederates from gov’t office
Guarantees federal war debt, not Confederate debt

21. Radical Reconstruction

22. Political Parties
Republican: north and freedmen
Democrat: south

24. March 2, 1867: Reconstruction Act
Divided the south into 5 military districts each with a military governor
Disenfranchised thousands of former Confederates
Had to ratify 14th Amendment before “reentering” the Union

26. 15th Amendment: 1869
The “right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude." 
Black males could vote

27. “Reconstruction Amendments”
13th: Freed slaves/slavery illegal
14th: Blacks are citizens
15: Black males can vote

28. Reaction

29. Women Had been loyal supporters of the abolitionist cause
“shall not be denied based on race, color . . .”
Add 2 words: OR SEX
19th Amendment not passed for another 50 yrs

30. Effects of Radical Reconstruction in the South
Union League: black males organizing
: 14 black congressmen and 2 black senators in DC
1872: black governor of LA (P.B.S. Pinchback)

34. Effects of RR in the South
Carpetbaggers
Scalawags

36. Black Codes
Designed to “regulate the affairs of emancipated slaves” and “ensure a stable and subservient labor force”
Varied in severity but common all through the south

37. Black Codes Labor contracts
Fined for “crimes”, hired out to pay off fine
“idleness”
No marriage/no jury duty

39. Sharecropping
A system of agriculture in which a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on the land

40. Crop Lien
A credit system that became widely used by cotton farmers in the United States in the South from the 1860s to the 1930s. Sharecroppers and tenant farmers who did not own the land they worked obtained supplies and food on credit from local merchants

41. The Ku Klux Klan The “invisible empire of the south” TN- 1866
First Grandwizard: Nathan Beford Forrest

44. KKK
During 12 years of Reconstruction: estimated 1500 lynchings

45. Force Act and 1871
Tried to curb KKK violence

46. Effects of RR in the South
Corruption
One governor “saved” $100,000 in a year on an $8,000/year salary

47. Impeachment

48. Andrew Johnson

49. Process of Impeachment
1. President accused of crime
2. evidence of crime brought to House of Representatives
3. H of R votes to impeach president
4. Senate votes (2/3rds) to remove president from office

50. 1867: Congress passes Tenure of Office Act
Trap for Johnson
Johnson falls into trap
H of R votes 126 to 47 to impeach Johnson
Senate- fails by one vote to convict Johnson/remove from office

51. Alaska
Disclaimer:
This is so unrelated to everything in this unit but it happens so we will now briefly discuss.

52. 1867
William Seward buys Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million.

56. “Seward’s Folly” “Seward’s Icebox” “Frigidia” “Walrussia”
“Seward’s Polar Bear Garden”

59. Election of 1868 “Let’s Have Peace”
Republicans: “wave the bloody shirt”
“vote as you shot”

60. Grant as President
Corruption

61. Election of 1872
Grant re-elected

62. Panic of 1873
15,000 American businesses bankrupt

63. Election of 1876

64. 3 Contested states LA SC FL

65. Compromise of 1877 Hayes gets the 3 (southern) states
Hayes becomes President
Removes federal troops from the south/ends Reconstruction