1. Unit 2 Astronomy

2. Aim: What evidence do we have to support the Big Bang Theory?
In your notebooks, list terms, one for each letter of the alphabet, that relates to astronomy

3. Agenda Astronomy A-Z Do Now What is a theory?
What evidence do we have for the Big Bang Theory?
Red Shift, Doppler Effect, Cosmic Background Radiation
What is the origin of our universe?
What are the structures used to describe a universe

4. Assignments
Practice Packet Classwork  Pages 1-3 Homework  Pages 4-6 Castle Learning  Friday 8:11am

5. Castle Learning YOU WILL HAVE A WEEKLY CASTLE LEARNING ASSIGNMENT
THEY ARE ASSIGNED FRIDAY AFTERNOON
THEY ARE DUE FRIDAY MORNING, THE NEXT WEEK BY BY 8:11 am

6. What is a theory?
Theory  VERY well supported explanation of some aspect of the world

7. Origin
Universe means everything that exists in any place. All of the space, matter, and energy

8. How old are we?
Our universe is believed to be about 13.7 billions years old

9. How can we calculate how far different planets and galaxies are?
Light years – The distance that light travels in one year
About 9.46 trillion kilometers
video
9.46 trillion km

10. Big Bang Theory
States that all matter and energy started out concentrated in a small area

11. Big Bang Theory
After a gigantic expansion, matter began to organize into particles and atoms

12. Evidence for Big Bang Theory
Doppler Effect
Shifting of wavelengths depending on color and distance
Red (farther)  Blue (Shorter)

13. Evidence for Big Bang Theory
Red Shift
The collective light from the stars in all of the galaxies, except for a few, are closer to the red end of the spectrum.

14. Which colors represent big/small wavelengths?
The color of light we see is based on wavelength of light
ESRT page 14
Blue shift =
Moving CLOSER
Red shift =
Moving AWAY

15. Evidence for Big Bang Theory
Cosmic Background Radiation
Measureable, leftover energy created from the Big Bang

16. Structure of Universe
Galaxies – A collection of gas and dust held together by gravity
Average galaxy has about 100 billion stars
There are about 100 billion galaxies

17. Galaxies Characterized largely based on shape
Elliptical (football shaped), Irregular, and Spiral

18. Elliptical Galaxy (Andromeda)

19. Irregular Galaxy (Starburst)

20. ***Spiral Galaxy*** (MILKY WAY)

21. Turn and Talk
Turn to your neighbor and discuss the following question: (make sure you have evidence to back up your claim !)
What piece of evidence is most important to support the Big Bang Theory
WHY?

22. Aim: How can we organize all of the characteristics of the universe?
Choose one of following pieces of evidence for the big bang theory and describe it in your own words. Then, turn to a partner and teach them why it is evidence that supports the Big Bang.
Red shift 2) Doppler Effect
3) Cosmic Background Radiation

23. Agenda
Plickers Practice Packet Classwork  Pg 7 Homework  Pg 8

24. Plickers
When you walk in, you must grab your plicker number Each day we will have at least 1 plicker question throughout the lesson These will count as grades in pupilpath

25. After Big Bang…
We now have Planets, galaxies, solar systems, and the universe Try putting these 4 items in order from largest to smallest

26. Universe
The largest Composes all matter that we know of

27. Galaxies
Second largest Use your notes ! What is a galaxy? What is the name of our galaxy?

28. ***Spiral Galaxy*** (MILKY WAY)
Galaxies – A collection of gas and dust held together by gravity
***Spiral Galaxy*** (MILKY WAY)

29. Solar System
Third Largest The sun (star) and all of the planets and other bodies that orbit around it

30. Planets
Fourth Largest 1) A celestial body that orbits the sun 2) Are round because of gravity

31. How did we get all the stars, planets, and galaxies?
Turn and talk
Using the following words, come up with a story about how planets and stars might have formed
Keywords: Hot gas and dust, stars, planets, nuclear fusion, gravity
(Hint: Try to think of how you can build a huge snowball!)

32. Nebular Hypothesis

33. Nebular Hypothesis
Created by 1796 French Mathematician Pierre-Simon, Marquis de Laplace *Do not need to know this, it WILL be the bonus on the first quiz*

34. Nebular Hypothesis
States: The sun and the planets formed from an original nebular of gas and dust Nebular A region in space where stars are born

35. Nebular Hypothesis
Steps 1 Gas and dust begin to attract one another because of gravity 2 Planetesimals begin to form *Planetesimals Small young balls of rock and gas

36. Nebular Hypothesis What do we think happens next???
3 Planetesimals get larger due to gravity collecting more gas and dust
What do we think happens next???

38. Nebular Hypothesis
4 Planetesimals collide and get larger to create planets

39. Formation of Inner Planets
Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars
High Density planets (TERRESTRIAL)

40. Formation of Outer Planets
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
Low Density Planets (JOVIAN)

41. Why are the high density planets closer to the sun and low density planets farther away?
Turn and Talk
5 minutes
Keywords: Density, Gravity

42. Gravity !
Heavier planets could not move far away from the sun because of gravity Lighter planets could move far away from the sun because of gravity

44. Castle Learning
Weekly Review #1 was due this morning 8:11 Weekly Review #2 will be due 1 week from today Please make sure you do it !!!

45. Classwork
Answer the following question in your notebook In your own words, describe how gravity plays a role in the nebular hypothesis Classwork Page 1-6 Homework  Page 7-8 (If finished with CW , start on your HW!)

46. Aim: How can we compare different models of the solar system?
Get your plicker !!

47. Agenda Plicker Do Now DON’T FORGET CASTLE LEARNING Review HW
Solar System Models
Practice Packet CW

48. Practice Packet
In groups of 4 max, review the pages assigned to you. *On each page, underline they keywords in each question Model Q1: Which force contributed to the formation of the stars and planets?

49. Practice Packet
In your groups, choose 2 questions from the practice packet that you would like to teach us *underline keywords *choose answer *explain evidence that supports your answer

50. Ptolemy (year 150)
Greco-Roman Astronomer and Mathematician Created the geocentric model of our solar system

51. Geocentric Model
Sun, stars, planets revolved around Earth

52. Copernicus (year 1543)
Polish Astronomer Created the heliocentric model of our solar system

53. Heliocentric Model
Planets revolved around the Sun Moon revolved around Earth

54. Evidence
Galileo Galilei  Observed 4 moons orbiting Jupiter *Evidence that objects can and do orbit other planets than Earth*

55. Practice Packet
Classwork  Pages 9-10 Homework  Page 11 Work in groups of 2-3 Challenge each other to prove answer choices with evidence !

56. Exit-Ticket
On a separate piece of paper explain the role Galileo had on the development of the currently accepted theory of the formation of our solar system.

57. Aim: How can we explain the motions of the planets?
In your own words, explain the difference between a rotation and revolution DON’T FORGET ABOUT CASLTE LEARNING

58. Motions of Planets Planet Rotation:
Planets spin on an imaginary axis in a motion called ROTATION
(axis = the tilt of the planet)

59. Motions of Planets Planet Rotation:
A PERIOD of rotation is the amount of time it takes for 1 complete spin

60. Motions of Planets Planet Revolution:
Revolution is the movement around the sun in a path called in an orbit

61. Ellipse The shape of the revolution a planet makes (OVAL)
Inside the ellipse are two points called (foci)
Foci = (2 equal points)

62. Eccentricity Eccentricity = D / L (D= Distance between foci)
(L = length of major axis)

63. Eccentricity
Eccentricity can only go from = Perfect Circle 1= Straight Line
0.42
0.68

64. How to calculate eccentricity
= Distance between foci (D)
= Length of Major Axis (L)
= foci
COPY THIS IN YOUR NOTEBOOKS

65. Open to Page 21 in Practice Packet
We will try the first one together Please ! Do not move ahead without your teacher telling you to do so

66. Aim: How can we practice creating orbits to calculate eccentricity?
Grab your plicker !

67. Goal for today Lab must be completed Finished?
 Conclusion answered in FULL SENTENCES
Finished?
Work on your Castle Learning Homework
Finished Castle Learning?
Try page 27 in the HW packet

68. Aim: How can we analyze a planet’s characteristics?
Grab your plicker !

69. Solar System Data
Each planet has different characteristics It is our job to be able identify and analyze these characteristics

70. Mean Distance from Sun
Average distance from sun (million km)

71. Period of Revolution
How long it takes for the planet to orbit the sun

72. Period of Rotation at Equator
How long it takes to spin on it’s axis

73. Eccentricity
Description of the shape of the orbit

74. Equatorial Diameter
The distance from one side of the planet to the other

75. Mass
The amount of matter the planet has Units ( Earth = 1) *Double the size of Earth = 2

76. Density
A measure of how compact the matter of the planet is

77. ESRT Page 15

78. Assignments
Open to page 12. We will work on 2 questions together. Classwork  Pages 12 and 13 Homework  Pages 16 and 17

79. Exit-Slip
Which group of planets has a larger density. Explain how you know.

80. Aim: How can we analyze the formation of the Earth’s Moon
A-Z Do Now ! In groups of 2, try to come up with a word for each letter of the alphabet about the moon

81. Extra Credit due tonight on Castle Learning !
Extra Credit for MP 1
Extra Credit due tonight on Castle Learning !

82. Moon Formation Video Write the following questions in your notebook:
How do we think the moon formed?
Why is the surface covered in craters?

83. Moon vs Satellite
An object in space that orbits another object is called a satellite Moons are a natural type of satellite!

84. Giant Impact Hypothesis
A 3-step hypothesis that describes the formation of the moon

85. Giant Impact Hypothesis
Step 1 A Mars-sized object collided with Earth around 4 billion years ago

86. Giant Impact Hypothesis
Step 2 The resulting debris began to orbit Earth

87. Giant Impact Hypothesis
Step 3 The debris eventually joined together to form the moon

88. Think, Pair, Share
Think (Silently) – What role does GRAVITY and DENSITY play in the formation of the moon? Pair – Talk to your partner to discuss your theories Share – Be prepared to share your theories

89. Gravity
Gravity helps bring the debris blasted from Earth together to start forming the moon

90. Density
Higher density materials sank to the middle of the moons core Lower density materials rise to the surface of the moon

91. Evidence? (Turn and Talk)
What kind of evidence do we think we would need to prove the Giant-Impact Hypothesis?

93. Evidence
Moon samples show that the Earth and Moon are made out of the same rock materials

94. Craters
Small depressions (holes) on the surface of the moon

95. Exit-Ticket
Write your own summary of the Giant-Impact hypothesis. Make sure to include the words gravity and density in your summary. I will be walking around to check your exit-tickets before you leave today

96. Homework
Where do the moon’s craters come from? How come Earth does not have any craters?