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Cyclic Hydrocarbons & Aromatic Compounds
SCH3U/4C Nomenclature & Bonding
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Cycloalkanes Many natural and artificial organic compounds contain rings of carbon atoms with distinct chemical and physical properties. These compounds are known as cycloalkanes. Cycloalkanes contain: C-H bonds (single) C-C single bonds (they are saturated cyclic compounds)
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Cycloalkanes The general formula for a cycloalkane is CnH2n
Cycloalkanes are often drawn using condensed structure or line structure: Example: Cyclohexane
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Naming Cycloalkanes Determine the length of the parent chain (please note this could be a straight chain parent chain or a cyclic parent chain). If the parent chain is cyclic: Name the alkane with the prefix cyclo- Name the side chains, giving the lowest combination of number for the carbons they are attached to Example: Parent chain = hexane cyclohexane Side chains: 1 methyl 1 ethyl Name: 1-ethyl-3-methylcyclohexane
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Naming Cycloalkanes Sometimes the cyclic hydrocarbon can be a side chain of the straight-parent chain. In this case, we change the ending of the cyclic portion to –yl, to indicate it is a side chain/branch. Parent chain = 10 C’s decane Side chains: 1 methyl group on C6 1 cyclopropyl group on C3 Name: 6-methyl-3-cyclopropyldecane
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Aromatic Compounds Aromatic compounds are those that contain a benzene ring. The benzene ring, C6H6, is a 6-carbon ring containing alternating double bonds
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Naming Aromatic Compounds with One Side-Chain
When there is only 1 side chain attached to a benzene ring, name the side group, followed by –benzene: Examples:
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Naming Aromatic Compounds with Two Side-Chains
When 2 side chains of equal size are attached to a benzene ring, we name according to the pattern of carbons in which the side groups are attached to:
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Examples:
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