1. America and the World
Chapter 24 Section 1

2. Totalitarian State
The govt. controls the political, economical, social, and cultural lives of its citizens
Led by a single leader and a single political party
Conquer the minds and hearts of the people through mass propaganda

3. Fascism Glorifies the state above the individual
Emphasizes the need for a strong central govt. led by a dictatorial ruler
Strongly anticommunist
Europeans feared Communism
Mussolini exploited this fear
Fascism b/g to stand for the protection of private property and of the middle class

4. Fascist Italy Benito Mussolini b/c the Fascist leader of Italy
He promised Italy would return to the glories of the Roman Empire
The Italian Parliament persuaded the king to appoint Mussolini as the premier
Once in office Mussolini set up a dictatorship

5. Benito Mussolini
Ruled

6. The USSR 1917 – the Russian Revolution gets rid of Czar Nicholas II
The Bolshevik Party est. a Communist govt. in Russia
Vladimir Lenin is the leader of the Bolsheviks
1922 – they rename Russia the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)
Lenin dies in 1924
Joseph Stalin takes over in 1926

7. Joseph Stalin
Ruled

8. Hitler and the Nazis Adolf Hitler
Strong anticommunist and admirer of Mussolini
Fought for Germany in WWI
Had a true hatred for the Allies and the German govt. that accepted the treaty that ended WWI
The chaos in Germany after WWI led to the rise of a new political party
National Socialist German Workers’ Party (the Nazi Party)
Hitler was one of their first recruits

9. In Prison
1923 – the Nazis tried to seize power by marching on city hall in Munich, Germany
The plan was to seize power locally then march on to Berlin
The plan failed and Hitler was arrested
In prison Hitler wrote his autobiography
Mein Kampf (“My Struggle”)

10. Mein Kampf Unification of all Germans under one govt.
Claimed that Germans belonged to a master race called Aryans
Especially blond, blue-eyed Germans
Argued that Germans needed more living space
Germany to expand East into Poland and Russia
B/l that Jews were responsible for many of the world’s problems
Especially for Germany’s defeat in WWI

11. Hitler b/c Chancellor
After released from prison Hitler decided the best way to seize power was to get Nazis elected to the Reichstag
Reichstag – German Parliament
By 1932 the Nazis were the largest party in the Reichstag
1933 – German President Hindenburg appoints Hitler as chancellor

12. Hitler = Fuhrer
With the help of intimidation by Storm Troopers, voters gave Hitler dictatorial powers
1934 – Hitler b/c president (Hindenburg had died)
Hitler gave himself the title of fuhrer (leader)
He b/g to rebuild Germany’s military
In violation of the Treaty of Versailles

13. Adolf Hitler
Ruled

14. Hitler speaks in the Reichstag

15. Japan Japan was having major economic problems after WWI
Military officers blamed corrupt politicians
Most officers b/l…
Japan was destine to dominate East Asia
Democracy was “un-Japanese” and bad for the country

16. Military Japan 1931 – Japanese army invaded Manchuria
Japanese prime minister b/g negotiations, but the officers assassinated him
The Japanese military now had control of Japan
Military officers were appointed to serve as prime minister

17. Hirohito
Emperor
Hideki Tojo
Prime Minister

18. Admiral Yamamoto
Commander in Chief of the Japanese Navy

19. New Alliances Rome-Berlin Axis Anti-Comintern Pact
Hitler and Mussolini become allies
Pledged to cooperate on several international issues
Anti-Comintern Pact
Germany and Japan
Promising a common front against communism
Required the two countries to exchange info about communist groups

20. America Turns to Neutrality
Isolationism
The US should avoid international commitments that might drag the nation into another war
Neutrality Act of 1935 – made it illegal for Americans to sell arms to any country at war
Based on the idea that arms sales helped bring the US into WWI

21. Roosevelt and Internationalism
Not an isolationist
His first priority was ending the Depression
Roosevelt supported internationalism
Internationalism – idea that trade b/w nations creates prosperity and helps to prevent war
Internationalists also b/l that the US should try to preserve peace in the world