1. Winds

2. Wind The movement of air caused by differences in air pressure
Air moves from High Pressure to Low Pressure

3. Measuring Wind
Measured with an anemometer - three or four cups mounted at the end of spokes that spin on an axle.

4. Naming Winds
Wind is named based on the direction FROM which it is blowing.
Wind may cause increased cooling- Wind Chill Factor

5. Heating Earth’s Surface Lab…
(Students completed a lab in which they compared the heating and cooling rates of sand and water. Sand and water can be seen to represent land mass and ocean. Land heats and cools more readily than water. Large bodies of water can moderate temperature extremes. This discussion took place (along with diagrams) to give the lab more depth of meaning, and to help explain the following slides.)

6. Local Winds
Caused by unequal heating of the Earth’s surface over a small area.
Sea Breezes - winds that blow from a body of water onto land.
Land Breezes - winds that blow from land out over a body of water

7. Land Breeze & Sea Breeze

8. Monsoons
Sea and Land Breezes that occur over a large area

9. What factors control temperature on the planet?

10. Temperature Controls ( Ch 17.3 in text book)
What are 6 things that cause temperatures on the planet to vary? (These affect climate)
____________: Heats more rapidly to higher temperatures, cools more rapidly to lower temperatures.
LAND

11. 2. _______________: Heats up slowly, cools down slowly
WATER

12. Which city is closest to the water? What is the effect?
Which city is farthest from the water? What is the effect?

13. 3. GEOGRAPHIC POSITION: The mountain range between Seattle and Spokane cuts off Spokane from the moderating influence of the Pacific Ocean.

14. Geographic Position (2) : Because winds travel generally from west to east across the US, Eureka’s temperature is moderated by the winds coming off the Pacific. NY City is also affected by these westerly winds, so any effect of the Atlantic Ocean is lost.

15. 4.
ALTITUDE
The higher the altitude, the cooler the air will be. Air cools as one rises in the troposphere.
Both cities in Ecuador

16. 5. Albedo – fraction of EM radiation reflected by a surface.
During the day, clouds reflect sun’s energy, keeping the land cooler than it would be if clouds were not present.
During the night, clouds reflect heat radiated from the Earth, keeping the land warmer than it would be clouds were not present.

17. 6. Latitude – the farther from the Equator, the cooler the average temperature will be.