1. Muscles of the Face, Neck and Shoulders
NVQ Level 2 Beauty Therapy
Clare Hargreaves-Norris

2. Clare Hargreaves-Norris
Why do we have muscles?
Muscles are responsible for movement of or within the body. Within the face they produce facial expressions. They are also responsible for maintaining posture and producing heat to maintain the body temperature. The majority of the muscles in the body are attached to bones by tendons, however the muscles of the face tend to insert into each other.
Clare Hargreaves-Norris

3. Characteristics of Muscles
Muscles are made up of tiny elastic fibres
that have the ability to:
shorten or contract
spring back to its original form after contraction - like elastic
stretch when relaxed
respond to stimuli provided by nerve impulses
Clare Hargreaves-Norris

4. The face, neck and shoulder muscles
Frontalis
Corrugator
Temporalis
Orbicularis oculi
Masseter
Levator labii superioris
Zygomaticus
Buccinator
Orbicularis oris
Risorius
Mentalis
Sterno-cleido mastoid
Triangularis
Platysma
Trapezius
Pectoralis
Deltoid
Clare Hargreaves-Norris
Task Label the diagram of the muscles of the head, face, neck, shoulders and chest.

5. Muscles of the Forehead
Position
Action
Frontalis x1
Forehead.
Lifts the eyebrows
which cause
horizontal creases to
appear.
Corrugator x1
In between the inner
Eyebrows, over the
nasal bone.
Draws the eyebrows
together, as in
frowning.
Clare Hargreaves-Norris

6. Clare Hargreaves-Norris
Muscles of the Eyes
Muscle
Position
Action
Orbicularis oculi x2
Round muscle that
surrounds the eye.
Closes the eyes and
can cause wrinkles at
the corner of the
eye.
Clare Hargreaves-Norris

7. Muscles of the Sides of the Face
Position
Action
Temporalis x2
Extends over the
ears, down to the
corner of the jaw.
Raises the jaw when
we chew – this is
known as mastication.
Masseter x2
Extends downwards
and backwards from
the jaw, in the lower
cheek area.
Lifts the jaw and
exerts pressure on
the teeth -
mastication. This is
the muscle that
causes jowls in later
life.
Clare Hargreaves-Norris

8. Muscles of the Cheeks and Mouth
Position
Action
Zygomaticus x2
Extends upwards, diagonally from the corners of the mouth.
Pulls the corners of the mouth upwards and out as in smiling.
Levator labii superioris x2
Runs upwards from the upper lip.
Lifts the upper lip and assists in opening the mouth.
Risorius x2
Runs horizontally in the cheeks from the corner of the mouth.
Pulls the corners of the mouth sideways as in grinning.
Clare Hargreaves-Norris

9. Muscles of the Cheeks and Mouth
Position
Action
Orbicularis oris x1
Round muscle that surrounds the mouth and forms the lips.
Purses the lips and closes the mouth as in kissing or whistling.
Buccinator x2
Deep muscle that forms the main part of the cheeks.
Maintains tension in the cheeks and used when blowing.
Depressor anguli oris (triangularis) x2
Runs downwards from the lower lip.
Draws the corner of the mouth downwards producing a sad expression.
Clare Hargreaves-Norris

10. Clare Hargreaves-Norris
Muscle of the Chin
Muscle
Position
Action
Mentalis x1
Lies over the chin.
Lifts the skin of the chin and turns the lower lip outwards. Expression of doubt.
Clare Hargreaves-Norris

11. Clare Hargreaves-Norris
Muscles of the Neck
Muscle
Position
Action
Platysma x1
Starts at the chest and covers the neck up to the mandible.
Pulls the jaw and lower lip down. Causes the neck to wrinkle. Expression of horror.
Sterno-cleido mastoid x2
Runs down on an angle from each side of the neck to the collar bone.
Flexes the neck, rotates the head from side to side and bows the head forward.
Clare Hargreaves-Norris

12. Muscles of the Shoulders & Chest
Position
Action
Trapezius x1
A large kite shaped muscle that covers the back and sides of the neck, shoulders and upper back.
Elevates and depresses the shoulders. Also draws the head backwards.
Pectoralis (major and minor) x2
Covers the chest.
Draws the arm in towards the chest.
Deltoid x2
Caps the shoulder joint.
Lifts, extends and rotates the arm.
Clare Hargreaves-Norris