1. The Skeleton and Movement
Chapter 8

2. The 3 functions of the skeleton are:
· Support
· Protection
· Movement

3. The bones of the arm are:
Humerus
Radius
Ulna
The bones of the leg are:
Femur
Tibia
Fibula

4. The Spine The spine is made up of bones called vertebrae.
Discs of cartilage found between the vertebrae act as shock absorbers and allow limited movement.

5. Joints Joints are formed where bones meet.
Fused joints-These are immovable or fixed joints (e.g. bones of the skull).
Moveable Joints contain synovial fluid and are called synovial joints.

6. Synovial joints.
Synovial joints contain synovial fluid which cushions and lubricates the joint
Cartilage-stops bones rubbing off each other.

7. Examples of moveable joints.
Examples of moveable joints are:
Ball and socket joint-allow movement in all directions (e.g. Hip and shoulder).
Hinge Joint- allows movement in one direction only (e.g. Knee and Elbow).

8. Ligaments and Tendons
Tendons join muscle to bone. E.g. Achilles tendon.
Ligaments-join bone to bone.

9. Antagonistic muscles Antagonistic muscles work in
opposite ways to each other (e.g.
bicep and triceps muscles).
When the biceps contracts, the arm is raised.
To lower the arm, the triceps contracts and the biceps relax.