1. Multicellular Organisms
Key Area 2.3
Reproduction

2. Through evaluation of a range of data, I can compare sexual and asexual reproduction and explain their importance for survival of species. SCN 4-14b Through investigation, I can compare and contrast how different organisms grow and develop. SCN 4-14a

3. Skills for life, learning and work: Interpersonal
Teamwork and cooperation
Understanding of new scientific terms
Literacy, Numeracy, HWB:
HWB 3-45b / HWB 4-45b
I am aware of the need to respect personal space and boundaries and can recognise and respond appropriately to verbal and non-verbal communication.
LIT 3-15a / LIT 4-15a
I can make notes and organise them to develop my thinking, help retain and recall information, explore issues and create new texts, using my own words as appropriate.
LIT 3-14a / LIT 4-14a
Using what I know about the features of different types of texts, I can find, select, sort, summarise, link and use information from different sources.

4. Write the following animals in a list on a show me board
Starter
Write the following animals in a list on a show me board
Kangaroo
Barnacles
Preying Mantis
Tiger
Scorpion
Stickleback
Hyena
Shark
Pigs
Blue whale

5. Scorpion Tiger Pigs Barnacles Stickleback Kangaroo Preying Mantis
Use the information on the next slide to match each animal with a strange fact about how it reproduces.
Kangaroo
Barnacles
Preying Mantis
Tiger
Scorpion
Stickleback
Hyena
Shark
Pigs
Blue whale

6. 1 This animal has the largest penis in the living world.
2 Like their tails, their penis is shaped like a cork screw! The male and female often get locked together after intercourse.
3 This species has evolved penises that are 8 times the length of their bodies to cope with their sedentary lifestyle.
4 This species’ penises are usually bifurcated (the penises are split). But this is to compensate for the fact that female have two vaginas.
5 The male has two penises called ‘claspers’. They don’t actually “clasp” the female. In fact the male often bites the female during copulation to hold on!
6 The female creates high doses of male hormone, during pregnancy. Female offspring end up with damaged ovaries and a pseudo penis.
7 Mating is a dangerous business for the male of these species. After and even during mating the female may choose to eat the male as a snack!
8 You will often see the female snarling at the male after intercourse. The male has backward-facing spines on the penis that cause pain to the female.
9 The male and female perform a dance, often intertwining their poisonous tails. The male then releases his sperm and maneuvers the female on top of the sperm to impregnate her.
10 The female releases hundred of eggs. The male then deposits his sperm adjacent. Fertilisation takes place externally.

7. Blue whale Pigs Barnacles Kangaroo Shark Hyena Preying Mantis Tiger
1 This animal has the largest penis in the living world.
Pigs
2 Like their tails, their penis is shaped like a cork screw! The male and female often get locked together after intercourse.
Barnacles
3 This species has evolved penises that are 8 times the length of their bodies to cope with their sedentary lifestyle.
Kangaroo
4 This species’ penises are usually bifurcated (the penises are split). But this is to compensate for the fact that female have two vaginas.
Shark
5 The male has two penises called ‘claspers’. They don’t actually “clasp” the female. In fact the male often bites the female during copulation to hold on!
Hyena
6 The female creates high doses of male hormone, during pregnancy. Female offspring end up with damaged ovaries and a pseudo penis.
Preying Mantis
7 Mating is a dangerous business for the male of these species. After and even during mating the female may choose to eat the male as a snack!
Tiger
8 You will often see the female snarling at the male after intercourse. The male has backward-facing spines on the penis that cause pain to the female.
Scorpion
9 The male and female perform a dance, often intertwining their poisonous tails, The male then releases his sperm and maneuvers the female on top of the sperm to impregnate her.
Stickleback
10 The female releases hundred of eggs. The male then deposits his sperm adjacent. Fertilisation takes place externally.

8. Reproduction Learning Intentions:
To learn about reproduction in animals and plants
Success Criteria:
State that body cells contain a full chromosome complement and are therefore diploid
Define the term ‘gamete’
State that all gametes contain half the number of chromosomes as body cells. This is called the haploid number
Identify male and female gametes in mammals and where they are made.
Describe the basic structures of the gametes.

9. Reproduction
All living organisms must reproduce to produce new individuals and continue their species.
Most animals use sexual reproduction to do this.
Sexual reproduction involves combining genetic information from two individuals (parents) to produce offspring.

10. Reproduction
Reproduction is the production of new members of a species.
For a species to survive, it must produce enough young to replace those lost through old age, disease and other causes of death.

11. Sexual versus asexual reproduction
Some very small organisms tend to reproduce asexually (without sex cells).
Examples include amoeba, bacteria and some plants.
Large organisms tend to reproduce sexually (with sex cells).
Includes humans, most animals and plants.

12. Asexual reproduction
This type of reproduction is where an organism produces an exact copy of itself.
It does not involve sex cells.
This type of reproduction is more common in plants than animals.
Offspring are clones of the parents.
Teachers will need to log into Glow to access the film clip on asexual reproduction
Twig - Asexual reproduction
Twig - Asexual reproduction in plants

13. Key Words
Asexual reproduction – a type of reproduction that does not involve sex cells. Offspring are clones of the parent.
Sexual reproduction – a type of reproduction that involves sex cells. Offspring are genetically different to their parents.

14. Diploid and haploid cells
The cells that make up the body are known as DIPLOID cells and contain 2 sets of chromosomes (i.e. 2n).
During reproduction, sex cells or gametes are formed and contain only half of the genetic information (i.e. n)

15. Sexual reproduction
During sexual reproduction, sex cells from each parent fuse to form a zygote.
When the male and female gametes fuse together, the zygote produced is diploid.
This means it has two sets of chromosomes.
Most other cells in the body are diploid.

16. Sexual reproduction (One set of chromosomes) (One set of chromosomes)
(Two sets of chromosomes)

17. Human chromosomes- 23 pairs Diploid (i. e
Human chromosomes- 23 pairs Diploid (i.e. 2n- 2 sets) 46 chromosomes Haploid (i.e. n-1 set) 23 chromosomes

18. Diploid and haploid cells in mammals
Muscle cell
Nerve cell
Cheek cell
White blood cell
Bone cell
Stem cell
Sperm cell
Egg/ova cell
Red blood cell?

19. Key Words
Gamete – a sex cell containing the haploid chromosome number (one set of chromosomes).
Zygote – a fertilised egg cell containing the diploid chromosome number (two sets of chromosomes).
Twig – Gamete definition
Twig – Zygote definition

20. The reproductive system in mammals
In animals, sex cells are usually produced in the testes that produce sperm, and the ovaries, which produce eggs or ova.

21. Male reproductive system
In animals, gametes are produced in specialised organs.
Male gametes are sperm cells and are produced in the testes.
A sperm cell has a tail to allow it to swim and many mitochondria for producing energy.

22. Female reproductive system
Female gametes are called ova (singular: ovum) or eggs.
The ova are produced in the ovaries.
Ova are much larger than sperm and have a large food store in the cytoplasm that feeds the early embryo.

23. Sperm cell Egg cell (ovum)
The differences between the structure and function of an egg and a sperm.
Sperm cell
Egg cell (ovum)
Many mitochondria for energy to swim
Contains a large food store in the cytoplasm
Small and numerous
Larger and few
Head and tail to allow it to swim (is motile)
Not motile

24. Key Words Sperm cell – gamete produced in the testes of male animals.
Testes – male sex organs in animals which produce sperm.
Ova (Eggs) – female gametes produced by ovaries in animals (singular – ovum)
Ovaries – female sex organs where ova are produced.

25. Exit task
Describe the structure of the sperm cells and the ova.

26. Reproduction Learning Intentions:
To learn about reproduction in animals and plants
Success Criteria:
State that body cells contain a full chromosome complement and are therefore diploid
Define the term ‘gamete’
State that all gametes contain half the number of chromosomes as body cells. This is called the haploid number
Identify male and female gametes in mammals and where they are made.
Describe the basic structures of the gametes.

27. Fertilisation in mammals
Learning Intention:
Learn about the process of fertilisation in mammals.
Success Criteria:
state that fertilisation is the fusion of the nuclei of the two haploid gametes to produce a diploid zygote, which divides to form an embryo.

28. Starter What are male and female gametes called in mammals?
Name the sites of gamete production in males and female mammals.

29. Starter What are male and female gametes called in mammals?
Sperm and ova (egg)
Name the sites of gamete production in males and female mammals.
Ovaries and testes

30. Skills for life, learning and work:
Analysing your knowledge in a different context
Understanding of new scientific terms
Evaluating
Literacy, Numeracy, HWB:
LIT 3-15a / LIT 4-15a
I can make notes and organise them to develop my thinking, help retain and recall information, explore issues and create new texts, using my own words as appropriate.
LIT 3-14a / LIT 4-14a
Using what I know about the features of different types of texts, I can find, select, sort, summarise, link and use information from different sources.

31. Fertilisation in mammals
During sexual intercourse, sperm that are produced in the testes travel along the sperm duct towards the penis.
As the sperm move along various glands add fluid to the sperm, forming semen.
The penis deposits semen (including sperm) into the female’s vagina.
Sperm leaves the penis through the urethra.

32. Fertilisation of an ovum by a sperm cell occurs in the oviducts.
Ova are released at regular intervals from the female ovaries during ovulation.
The inner lining of each oviduct has hair-like cilia that move the ova towards the uterus.
Sperm that has been deposited in the vagina swims through the uterus and into the oviducts.
Fertilisation of an ovum by a sperm cell occurs in the oviducts.
The resulting zygote imbeds into the wall of the uterus and develops into a foetus.
BBC – Fertilisation in humans

33. Fertilisation occurs as sperm and egg fuse to form a zygote
Zygote settles into the lining of the uterus where the cell divides many times
Ovum picked up by oviduct and moved along by hair-like cilia
The ball of cells develops into an embryo and receives oxygen and nutrients from the mothers blood
An ovum is released from the ovary

34. (A) the 4-cell stage (B) the 16-cell stage (C) a morula formed from (B) (D) a blastocyst

35. Fertilisation is the fusion of the nuclei of the two haploid gametes to produce a diploid zygote, which divides to form an embryo.

36. Practical Activity
Your teacher will show you some models that show how a human baby develops in the uterus.
Observe each model and then watch some information clips about development of the fetus before completing the summary worksheet.

37. Model of a human fetus inside the uterus
Twig – Development of the fetus
1st trimester
2nd trimester
3rd trimester
Pregnancy timeline
Model of a human fetus inside the uterus

38. Activity
Your teacher will show you 3 video clips that describe the development of a human fetus inside the uterus.
Use the summary sheet on the next slide to fill in the missing words.
Stick your summary in your notebook.
Links to TWIG video clips on the previous slide

39. Right’s Respecting School: UN Convention of the Right’s of a Child
Article 3: The best interests of the child must be a top priority in all things that affect children.
Article 6: Every child has the right to life. Governments must do all they can to make sure children survive and develop to their full potential.
Research hwk- causes and types of diabetes, what it is etc.

40. A digital copy of the summary sheet can be found in the “Summary Sheets” folder for Unit 2

41. A digital copy of the answer scheme can be found in the “Summary Sheets” folder for Unit 2

43. Exit question
Which one of these is haploid?

44. Fertilisation in mammals
Learning Intention:
Learn about the process of fertilisation in mammals.
Success Criteria:
state that fertilisation is the fusion of the nuclei of the two haploid gametes to produce a diploid zygote, which divides to form an embryo.

45. Fertilisation in plants
Learning Intentions:
To learn about how plants reproduce.
Success Criteria:
identify male and female gametes in flowering plants.
identify the site of production of male and female gametes in flowering plants.

46. Starter Answer on a white board What is fertilisation?
Where does fertilisation occur?
Define the terms diploid and haploid.
What is formed in fertilisation?

47. Skills for life, learning and work: Interpersonal
Teamwork and cooperation
Understanding of new scientific terms
Creativity
Organisation
Literacy, Numeracy, HWB:
LIT 3-15a / LIT 4-15a
I can make notes and organise them to develop my thinking, help retain and recall information, explore issues and create new texts, using my own words as appropriate.
LIT 3-14a / LIT 4-14a
Using what I know about the features of different types of texts, I can find, select, sort, summarise, link and use information from different sources.
HWB 3-11a / HWB 4-11a
I make full use of and value the opportunities I am given to improve and manage my learning and, in turn, I can help to encourage learning and confidence in others.

48. Plant reproductive organs
The flower is the reproductive organ in a plant.
It contains both male and female reproductive structures.

49. Stamen – male
anther
filament

50. Carpel – female
stigma
ovary
ovules

51. Adaptations of plant pollen
Wind pollinated
Insect pollinated
Light to blow in the wind
Sticky to catch onto animal pollinators

52. Plant reproductive organs - male
The male gametes in flowers are called pollen grains.
Pollen grains are produced in the anther.
The nucleus of the pollen grain contains the male genetic material – they are haploid.

53. Plant reproductive organs - female
The female gametes in flowers are called ovules.
Ovules are produced in the ovary.
The nucleus of the ovule contains the female genetic material – they are haploid.

54. Gamete production in plants summary
Male
Female
Produced in the anther
Produced in the ovary
Pollen
Ovules

55. Flower Labelling Task
Your teacher will provide you with a diagram of a flower.
Label each structure and provide a key to show if the structure is male or female.
Write the function of each part on your diagram.

56. Reproductive parts of a flower
Stigma
Anther
Style
Filament
Ovary
male
Ovule
female

57. contains pollen grains
(male gametes)
Stigma
Anther
sticky to receive pollen during pollination
Style
tube that joins stigma to ovary
Filament
holds up anther
Ovary
contains ovules (female gametes)
Ovule
female gamete

58. Flower dissection:
Collect a ‘Flower Dissection Instruction Card’ and in pairs follow all of the instructions.

62. Homework task - Make a model flower
Your task is to make a 3D model of a flower.
You should label the structures in the flower which you have learned about in Biology.
You can use any materials you can find at home, for example:
Coloured paper, card or tissue paper for petals.
Pipe cleaners, cotton buds, straws or cocktail sticks for anthers or for the style.
You could also use plasticene, lego, K’nex, buttons, drawing pins, blutac, elastic bands, cotton wool, dry pasta, dry rice or anything else you can find.
Felt pens, sellotape, scissors and glue will be useful.
Please do not make edible flowers or use perishable materials!

63. Success Criteria- Flower Model
Be as inventive as you can.
Build it up to be partly 3D on A4 paper or card, or make it free standing and fully 3D.
Make it bright and colourful.
You should label all of the structures of the flower.
You should include a brief description of the function of anther and ovaries and identify the male and female gametes.

66. Exit task D

67. Exit questions Name the sites of gamete production in plants.
Name the male and female gametes in plants.
Describe the process of fertilisation.
Explain why body cells are diploid and gametes are haploid.
Give the term used for a fertilised egg cell.

68. Exit questions
Name the sites of gamete production in plants. Pollen- anther and ovule- ovary
Name the male and female gametes in plants. Male-pollen and female-ovule
Describe the process of fertilisation. Fusion of male and female gamete nuclei.
Explain why body cells are diploid and gametes are haploid. Gametes are haploid so that fertilisation restores the diploid state.
Give the term used for a fertilised egg cell. Zygote

69. Fertilisation in plants
Learning Intentions:
To learn about how plants reproduce.
Success Criteria:
identify male and female gametes in flowering plants.
identify the site of production of male and female gametes in flowering plants.

70. N5 Multicellular Organisms Key Area 3 Reproduction
Past Paper Practice
National 5
N5 Multicellular Organisms
Key Area 3 Reproduction

71. 1

72. 2

73. 3

74. 4

75. 5

76. 6

77. 1

78. 2

79. 3

80. 4

81. 5

82. 6 Sperm Function- reproduction/ fertilisation (or correct description)
Explanation- tail to swim/mitochondria for energy/haploid to allow fusion at fertilisation producing a diploid zygote
Egg cell
Function- reproduction/ fertilisation (or correct description)
Explanation- yolky cytoplasm/large cell to provide food
or haploid to allow fusion at fertilisation producing a diploid zygote