1. Noel 2007
Chronicle Herald

2. Noel: Storm History 28 October – 4 November, 2007
Slow moving tropical storm moved through the Caribbean
torrential rains from slowly moving storm devastated the Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, E. Cuba and the Bahamas
163 deaths, thousands of homes destroyed or damaged
80,000 evacuated in Cuba
mostly a rain event in the Caribbean

3. Noel: Storm History
Winds increased to Hurricane force only after passing the Bahamas
Extra-tropical transition SE of Cape Hatteras
Hurricane-force winds as it moved over Yarmouth (western tip of Nova Scotia), into the Bay of Fundy, southeastern New Brunswick then into the Gulf of St. Lawrence
Coastal storm surge damage along the south coast of Nova Scotia
Max rain amounts over southeastern Gaspe Peninsula (135 mm) and 60+ cm of snow in the Mountains of the Gaspe

15. WBV
YHZ
WCP

16. UNOFF CWCP 040046Z AUTO 10034KT 16/15 RMK PK WND 1039 0020Z PRESFR ALTM MISG
SLP =
UNOFF CWCP Z AUTO 12032G39KT 16/16 RMK PK WND Z PRESFR ALTM MISG
SLP =
UNOFF CWCP Z AUTO 13032G42KT 17/16 RMK PK WND Z PRESFR ALTM MISG
SLP =
UNOFF CWCP Z AUTO 14035G43KT 16/14 RMK PK WND Z PRESFR ALTM MISG
SLP =
UNOFF CWCP Z AUTO 14045G60KT 14/12 RMK PK WND Z PRESFR ALTM MISG
SLP =
UNOFF CWCP Z AUTO 14044G54KT 12/11 RMK PK WND Z PRESFR ALTM MISG
SLP =
UNOFF CWCP Z AUTO 21039G49KT 11/10 RMK PK WND Z PRESRR ALTM MISG
SLP =
UNOFF CWCP Z AUTO 22039G52KT 10/09 RMK PK WND Z PRESRR ALTM MISG
SLP =
UNOFF CWCP Z AUTO 25048G58KT 07/06 RMK PK WND Z PRESRR ALTM MISG
SLP =
UNOFF CWCP Z AUTO 25044G55KT 08/05 RMK PK WND Z PRESRR ALTM MISG
SLP =
UNOFF CWCP Z AUTO 26041G51KT 08/04 RMK PK WND Z PRESRR ALTM MISG
SLP =
UNOFF CWCP Z AUTO 26036G45KT 09/04 RMK PK WND Z PRESRR ALTM MISG
SLP =
UNOFF CWCP Z AUTO 25031G38KT 09/05 RMK PK WND Z PRESRR ALTM
NOTE THAT T and Td DROPPED WITH THE GUSTY WINDS PRIOR TO THE WINDSHIFT AND PRESSURE JUMP !! IS THIS EVIDENCE OF EVAPORATIVELY COOLED AIR IN THE DRY SLOT BEING MIXED TO THE SURFACE?

17. METAR CYHZ 040200Z 13029G44KT 2SM -RA BR OVC005 15/15 A2941 RMK ST8 PRESFR RERA
/R10/ SLP964 SKYXX=
SPECI CYHZ Z 14032G48KT 1 1/2SM -RA BR OVC002 RMK ST8 SKYXX=
METAR CYHZ Z 14033G50KT 2SM -RA BR OVC003 16/16 A2932 RMK ST8 SLP929
58095 SKYXX=
METAR CYHZ Z 14034G45KT 1 1/2SM -RA BR VV001 16/16 A2922 RMK FG8 PRESFR
SLP895 SKYXX=
METAR CYHZ Z 14037G52KT 1 1/2SM -RA BR OVC002 17/17 A2910 RMK ST8 PRESFR
SLP856 SKYXX=
SPECI CYHZ Z 14036G46KT 1 1/2SM RA BR OVC004 RMK ST8 PRESFP SKYXX=
SPECI CYHZ Z 15036G50KT 3SM -RA BR OVC004 RMK ST8 RERA SKYXX=
METAR CYHZ Z 15036G52KT 3SM -RA BR OVC004 17/17 A2902 RMK ST8 PRESFR RERA
SLP SKYXX=
METAR CYHZ Z CCA 16050G61KT 5SM -RA BR SCT008 OVC012 15/15 A2893 RMK
SC4SC4 PRESFR SLP797 SKYXX=
SPECI CYHZ Z 16041G59KT 2SM -DZ BR OVC012 RMK SC8 SKYXX=
METAR CYHZ Z 17035G56KT 1 1/2SM -SHRA BR OVC010 12/12 A2884 RMK ST8
PRESFR SLP768 SKYXX=
METAR CYHZ Z 18036G51KT 2SM -RA BR OVC005 10/10 A2882 RMK ST8 SLP760
56067 SKYXX=
METAR CYHZ Z 20032G44KT 3SM -RA BR OVC004 10/10 A2888 RMK ST8 PRESRR
SLP780 SKYXX=
METAR CYHZ Z 23035G55KT 6SM -RA BR OVC011 08/08 A2899 RMK ST8 PRESRR
SLP819 SKYXX=
SPECI CYHZ Z 24029G49KT 12SM BKN012 BKN022 RMK ST5SC2 PRESRR SKY99=
METAR CYHZ Z 24025G39KT 15SM BKN015 OVC025 06/05 A2917 RMK SC5SC3 PRESRR
SLP SKYXX=
METAR CYHZ Z 25026G40KT 15SM BKN013 OVC025 06/05 A2928 RMK SC5SC3 PRESRR
SLP915 SKYXX=
METAR CYHZ Z 24023G32KT 15SM OVC019 07/05 A2937 RMK SC8 PRESRR SLP947
SKYXX=
METAR CYHZ Z 23023G31KT 15SM OVC017 07/05 A2946 RMK SC8 PRESRR SLP977

18. UNOFF CXMI 040200Z AUTO 12039G46KT 15/14 RMK PK WND 1148 0129Z PRESFR ALTM MISG
SLP =
UNOFF CXMI Z AUTO 13044G53KT 16/14 RMK PK WND Z PRESFR ALTM MISG
SLP =
UNOFF CXMI Z AUTO 13043G50KT 16/15 RMK PK WND Z PRESFR ALTM MISG
SLP =
UNOFF CXMI Z AUTO 13045G53KT 16/15 RMK PK WND Z PRESFR ALTM MISG
SLP =
UNOFF CXMI Z AUTO 14043G52KT 17/15 RMK PK WND Z PRESFR ALTM MISG
SLP =
UNOFF CXMI Z AUTO 16049G58KT 15/12 RMK PK WND Z PRESFR ALTM MISG
SLP =
UNOFF CXMI Z AUTO 17061G73KT 12/10 RMK PK WND Z PRESFR ALTM MISG
SLP =
UNOFF CXMI Z AUTO 18049G62KT 10/09 RMK PK WND Z ALTM MISG SLP753
56066=
UNOFF CXMI Z AUTO 21046G61KT 10/08 RMK PK WND Z PRESRR ALTM MISG
SLP =
UNOFF CXMI Z AUTO 24043G63KT 08/04 RMK PK WND Z PRESRR ALTM MISG
SLP =
UNOFF CXMI Z AUTO 24034G47KT 08/04 RMK PK WND Z PRESRR ALTM MISG
SLP =
UNOFF CXMI Z AUTO 25026G39KT 07/04 RMK PK WND Z PRESRR ALTM MISG
SLP =
UNOFF CXMI Z AUTO 25026G37KT 08/04 RMK PK WND Z PRESRR ALTM MISG
SLP =
UNOFF CXMI Z AUTO 24022G32KT 09/04 RMK PK WND Z PRESRR ALTM MISG

19. UNOFF CWBV 040600Z AUTO 15045G52KT 16/15 RMK PK WND 1557 0535Z PRESFR ALTM MISG
SLP =
UNOFF CWBV Z AUTO 15047G59KT 15/14 RMK PRESFR ALTM MISG SLP =
UNOFF CWBV Z AUTO 15047G61KT 15/14 RMK PK WND Z PRESFR ALTM MISG
SLP =
UNOFF CWBV Z AUTO 18045G60KT 14/14 RMK ALTM MISG SLP =
UNOFF CWBV Z AUTO 17041G50KT 14/13 RMK PK WND Z ALTM MISG SLP831
56074=
UNOFF CWBV Z AUTO 18046G59KT 13/11 RMK PRESFR ALTM MISG SLP =
UNOFF CWBV Z AUTO 18054G68KT 12/10 RMK PK WND Z PRESFR ALTM MISG
SLP =
UNOFF CWBV Z AUTO 19058G72KT 10/09 RMK ALTM MISG SLP =
UNOFF CWBV Z AUTO 19056G71KT 10/08 RMK PK WND Z ALTM MISG SLP796
58040=
UNOFF CWBV Z AUTO 20055G73KT 10/08 RMK ALTM MISG SLP =
UNOFF CWBV Z AUTO 21052G65KT 09/08 RMK PK WND Z PRESRR ALTM MISG
SLP =
UNOFF CWBV Z AUTO 22056G66KT 09/06 RMK PRESRR ALTM MISG SLP =
UNOFF CWBV Z AUTO 23053G66KT 09/07 RMK PK WND Z PRESRR ALTM MISG
SLP =

20. Gore Radar (XGO) near Halifax
Set replay end time at 4 November 0400Z, loop length 6 hours, run the SERF, try some cross sections too
Describe the nature of the precipitation
Stratiform vs convective, banded, sloped?
Plot the Velocity Azimuth Display (VAD) and loop
What is the shape of the hodograph? What does this imply about the nature of the system (tropical vs extra- tropical)? How do the winds near the surface compare with observed gusts?
Which side of Gore is the system passing? How do you know?
Is there a steering flow? If so, how does it change with time?

21. Compositing Run the Winter Drill Down Display (WIDDS)
Compare the CAPPI 1.0W (winter) with the CAPPI 1.5 (rain)
Do you notice a difference in the method of compositing?
Examine the 3 HR PA Sn (3 hour precip accumulation – snow)
What method of compositing is being used for snow? Can you think why this method was chosen?
What is causing the “ridges” in the PA product?

22. Marion Bridge (XMB) Cape Breton Island
Set replay end time at 4 November 1100Z, loop length 2 hours, run the SERF
Comment on the structure of reflectivity and the strength of the winds crossing Cape Breton

28. “Sting Jets” Term coined by British researcher Keith Browning
Narrow zone of strong, gusty wind observed in the dry slots of rapid deepeners
Crescent-shaped low-cloud bands sometimes observed in satellite imagery
Possibly linked to slantwise convection mixing high velocity air to the surface
Zone of strongest winds appears on satellite imagery just ahead of the tip of the comma head

29. From Browning and Field 2004

30. Conceptual model of a dry, high-momentum sting-jet outflow interacting with a colder and relatively moist boundary
layer to produce strong wind gusts at the surface just behind a convergence line detectable as a line of boundary-layer cloud.
(Browning and Field 2004)

31. * Example from “Great Storm of 1987” in England
Meteosat infra-red images for (a) 0130 UTC and (b) 0230 UTC, 16 October 1987, using the E1 enhancement scheme
to show the structure of the middle- and high-level cloud. Axes of three cloud-head bands, a, b and c (and four others), are
denoted by red lines. The blue lines, labelled A, B and C, show the axes of boundary-layer convergence lines. The green lines show the surface frontal analysis. L is the surface low-pressure centre and the small white asterisk in (a) denotes the centre of the region of strongest surface winds.
(Browning and Fields 2004) *

32. References
Browning, K. A. (2004). The sting at the end of the tail: damaging winds associated with extratropical cyclones. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 130:
Clark, P. A. & Browning, K. A. (2005) The sting at the end of the tail: model diagnostics of fine scale 3D structure of the cloud head. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 131:
Browning, K.A. and M. Field (2004). Evidence from Meteosat imagery of the interaction of sting jets with the boundary layer. Meteorol. Appl. 11, 277–289.