1. Energy use and related air emissions of transport activities
Barbara Mayer
Directorate Spatial Statistics
Environment and Energy
1 March 2012

2. Energy consumption surveys
Residential:
Energy Consumption of Households (random sample survey)
Industry:
Material Input Statistics (concentration sample)
Energy consumption in small and medium sized establishments in manufacturing industries and construction (random sample survey)
Commercial and Public Services :
Energy consumption in the service sector (random sample survey)
Surveys cover the overall energy consumption
Random Sample Survey ZSP
Material input statistics is the main data source for the sectoral breakdown of the consumption of all fuels used in industries. Its disadvantage is that it displays the overall consumption. Therefore Material Input Statistics has to be adapted to the balance structure with other surveys e. g. CHP-statistics to separate transformation input and final energy consumption

3. Energy consumption of households
Biennial voluntary random sample survey stuck to the obligatory labor force survey
Subject:
Dwelling-bound consumption and associated expenditure, broken down by fuels
Differentiated according to types of use as follows: Space heating, Water heating, Cooking, Other uses.
Energy consumption of vehicles: age of car, air conditioning, fuel used, annual mileage, average fuel consumption per 100 km for the household’s (private) first and second car.
Extrapolation of diesel and gasoline consumption by using number of passenger cars and annual kilometers
Hard coal, Lignite, Brown coal briquettes, Coke, Fuel wood, Pellets, Wood briquettes (2004, 2006), Pellets (2008), Wood briquettes (2008), Wood chips, Fuel oil, LPG, Electricity (broken down into non-interruptible and interruptible), Natural gas, Solar, Heat pumps, District heat
Random sample of (2004), (2006) and (2008) homes derived from the Central Register of Residents, broken down by Laender (federal provinces of Austria, NUTS 2).
households with about 2,3 Persons per household
About 0,6-1% of Austrian households are interviewed
Biannual
Further information on dwellings an buildings, number of metering points

4. Energy consumption of the industry sector
Material input statistics
Annual obligatory survey
Overall energy consumption by predefined fuel types in physical units
Covers material and energy input of enterprises (about 3,000) with the highest turnovers
Division NACE rev (Division  NACE rev. 2)
Energy consumption of small and medium sized establishments
Biennial voluntary survey
Overall energy consumption by predefined fuel types in physical units and differentiated according to types of use
About 3,000 establishments
Division NACE rev. 1.1.(Division  NACE rev. 2)
Hard coal, Lignite, Brown coal briquettes, Coke, Fuel wood, Pellets, Wood briquettes (2004, 2006), Pellets (2008), Wood briquettes (2008), Wood chips, Fuel oil, LPG, Electricity (broken down into non-interruptible and interruptible), Natural gas, Solar, Heat pumps, District heat
Random sample of (2004), (2006) and (2008) homes derived from the Central Register of Residents, broken down by Laender (federal provinces of Austria, NUTS 2).
households with about 2,3 Persons per household
About 0,6-1% of Austrian households are interviewed
Biannual
U insgesamt, Prod. Bereich, Dienstleistungssector

5. Energy consumption in the service sector
Voluntary random sample every five years
Overall energy consumption by predefined fuel types in physical units and differentiated according to types of use
Normally around 3,000 enterprises are included
Survey 2010 contained around 12,000 enterprises
Division NACE rev. 2

6. Energy consumption for transport purposes in energy balances
Transport sectors are defined functionally (road, rail, air and national navigation)
Fuels used for transport by enterprises should be reported under the transport sector of final consumption
Agriculture/Forestry: Includes agricultural (off road) diesel consumption
For splitting fuels (e.g. diesel and gasoline) into transport and other consumption purposes: Useful Energy Analysis

7. Useful Energy Analysis
Subject: Energy consumption by purpose
Space heating and air condition
Vapor production
Industrial furnaces
Stationary engines
Traction
Lightning and computing
Electrochemial Purposes
Voluntary random sample every five years
Around 3,000 establishments
Welding
appliances

8. Final energy consumption by fuels and categories (in TJ)
Final energy consumption includes Residential, Commercial and Public Services, Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing, Transport Sector and Industry sector

9. Further information used for energy balances
Diesel and gasoline sales on Austrian filling stations
For national and international aviation and international shipping the data is provided by BMWFJ (Under the Petroleum Stockholding Act )
Consumption for national shipping is currently adjusted since 1988.
Road: It is common for all road transport fuels to be shown as supporting the transport activity. Some will be used, however, off-road for digging, lifting and agricultural or
forestry needs. Small but significant quantities will be used for pleasure craft and powered garden equipment.
Consumption for these diverse uses can be obtained only by survey. None of these off-road quantities should be included as road transport.
Air: Where separate data are available for deliveries of fuel to aircraft undertaking international flights, the figures are shown in international civil aviation (see the discussion
under International marine bunkers above). In the absence of separate data, all deliveries should be attributed to domestic air.
Pipelines: Fuel and electricity use at compressor and/or pumping stations, on pipelines carrying gas, oil or coal slurry is reported under this heading.
Inland navigation: All fuel consumption for transport of goods or persons on inland waterways and for national sea voyages should be included. A national sea voyage is one which starts and ends in the same country without any intermediate foreign port of call. Note that an extensive part of the voyage may take place in international waters, for example Le Havre to Marseilles. Fuel consumed by fishing vessels of all types (inland, coastal or deep-sea) should be included under consumption for agriculture.
Association of the Austrian Petroleum Industry
Die Informationen bezuglich des Flugverkehrs und der internationalen Donauschifffahrt stammen aus den FORM III Erhebungen des BMWFJ. Der Einsatz fur Transport in Rohrfernleitungen
wird direkt von den Betreibern erfragt; der Einsatz in der (nationalen) Schifffahrt seit 1998 fortgeschrieben. In den 5 Transport-Sektoren (Eisenbahnen, Sonstiger Landverkehr, Schifffahrt, Transport in Rohrfernleitungen, Flugverkehr) werden ausschlieslich Traktionsenergietrager (aber dafur samtliche) unabhangig vom Verursacher ausgewiesen. Die Aufteilung der relevanten Energietrager (z.B. Diesel und Benzin) auf Traktion und sonstigen energetischen Einsatz erfolgt mittels der Nutzenergieanalyse

10. Air Emissions Accounts – Methodology for Austria
Energy Balances
STATISTICS AUSTRIA
Other data sources
Austrian Air Emissions Inventory (OLI)
Austrian Environment Agency
Energy Accounts
STATISTICS AUSTRIA
Boiler data base (age of boiler)
Air Emission Accounts
STATISTICS AUSTRIA

11. Transport fuels in energy balances and - accounts
Energy balances Energy Accounts
Fuels purchased by non-resident units on the national territory
Fuels purchased by resident units on the national territory
Fuels purchased by resident units abroad

12. NAMEA in Austria Inventory-first-approach
Air Emissions Inventories are the starting point for the calculation of Air Emissions Accounts.
Applying this approach mainly demands for
the adjustment of territorial data to the residence principle and
the allocation of process-based emissions to industries and households
Energy-first-approach
Basis for calculating energy accounts are energy balances. Air emissions are derived by using emission factors.
In Austria: mixed approach is applied. In general inventory-first-approach but for transport emissions energy-first-approach.

13. Air Emissions Accounts – Data base
Basis for all emission reports is the Austrian Air Emissions Inventory (OLI) of the Austrian Environment Agency.
Emissions are recorded in the OLI according to the CORINAIR framework of the European Environment Agency.
Applied classification is SNAP (Selected Nomenclature for sources of Air Pollution) – a process-based classification.
OLI is based on the territory principle, i.e. consideration of all emissions arising on the national territory, irrespective of the provenance of the producer (inter alia transport emissions by means of sold fuels).
But „international bunkers“ are reported separately.
The methodology is compatible with reporting obligations to UNFCCC and UNECE/CLRTAP.

14. Air Emissions Accounts – Calculations
Indirect allocation of transport emissions:
Transport emissions differ from Air Emissions Inventory; basis are Energy Accounts.
Important is the use of fuels by resident units and not the amount of fuels sold on the national territory.

15. Air Emissions Accounts – Calculations
Emissions of vehicles (0701 – 0705)
Data in Energy Accounts differ from data in Energy Balances, therefore data of Air Emissions Inventory have to be adjusted.
Use of gasoline, diesel, biofuels from EA
+ Difference from EB
Distribution in percentages
Transport emissions
Emissions of resident units „Export of emissions“

16. Please address queries to:
Barbara Mayer
Contact information:
Guglgasse 13, 1110 Vienna
phone: +43 (1)
fax: +43 (1)