1. The Nez Perce Moving to Canada
By: Katie, Andrew, Mizuki, and Maya

2. Who was Involved? The Nez Perce Tribe Chief Joseph Settlers
General Howard
Toohulhulsote
Looking glass

3. Background Information
The Nez Perce tribe was in eastern Oregon and Idaho
Chief Joseph was a leader of the Nez Perce tribe
The settlers that we refer to are the settlers that were in the territory already occupied by the Nez Perce
General Howard was a US troop leader who had been in many wars and battles before

4. Cause of the Event
Nez Perce had guaranteed land that was given to them in an 1855 treaty
White settlement increased
Chief Joseph refused to go

5. Overview of Event
1877-Chief Joseph and his followers went to seek refuge (safe or sheltered) in Canada.
With U.S. Army troops behind them, they traveled for 4 months
They traveled across 1,000 miles of land
There was very rough terrain

6. Overview of Event (continued)
Cold (little blankets)
People dying
When they were 40 miles from the border, the troops caught up with them
Good fighters

7. Outcome The Nez Perce then surrendered
Made his speech of surrender at Bear Paw
Around Nez Perce were killed
50-60 were wounded
Many settlers were killed too
Showed how good the Nez Perce were at fighting

8. Surrender Quote
“Tell General Howard I know his Heart. What He told me before I have in my heart. I am tired of fighting.  Our chiefs are killed.  Looking Glass is dead.  Toohulhulsote is dead.  The old men are all dead.  It is the young men who say yes or no. He who led the young men is dead.      It is cold and we have no blankets.  The little children are freezing to death.  My people, some of them, have run away to the hills and have no blankets, no food.  No one knows where they are--perhaps freezing to death.  I want to have time to look for my children and see how many I can find.  Maybe I shall find them among the dead.      Hear me, my chiefs.  I am tired.  My heart is sick and sad.  From where the sun now stands, I will fight no more forever.

9. Outcome (continued) “I will fight no more forever” Kansas
Present day Oklahoma
The tribe returned to Washington
Chief Joseph wanted to return to Oregon’s Wallowa River Valley but was denied
He eventually died on a reservation in Washington