1. A case of transnasal intracranial penetrating injury with skull base fracture caused by a broken golf club shaft 
Hideaki Kato, Sanae Kanno, Jun Ohtaki, Yoshimi Nakamura, Tetsuya Horita, Mamiko Fukuta, Kazuhito Eguchi, Mohamed Hassan Gaballa, Yasuhiro Aoki 
Legal Medicine 
Volume 32, Pages (May 2018)
DOI: /j.legalmed
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2. Legal Medicine 2018 32, 57-60DOI: (10.1016/j.legalmed.2018.03.001)
Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. Terms and Conditions

3. Fig. 1
The broken golf club shaft, with blood, used as a weapon. a) entire golf club b) enlarged photograph of the top. The shaft was fractured at the one-third distal position. A towel was wrapped around the grip by the perpetrator so as not to slip during striking. The diameter of the broken point of the shaft was 0.9 cm. The top of the broken shaft was sharp.
Legal Medicine  , 57-60DOI: ( /j.legalmed )
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4. Fig. 2
Postmortem CT scan of transverse section through the brain. a) Intracranial air was observed in the frontal horn of the left lateral ventricle, the left sylvian fissure, and the subdural space in front of the left frontal lobe. A high intensity area indicating subarachnoid hemorrhage was observed in the inferior horn of the left lateral ventricle. b) The left posterior wall of the sphenoid sinus was fractured (white arrow). The region is located just to the left cavernous sinus.
Legal Medicine  , 57-60DOI: ( /j.legalmed )
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5. Fig. 3
A wound in the right nostril a) An incision 0.6 cm long was observed. b) A band-like mucosal abrasion was observed in the right side of the nasal septum (white arrow).
Legal Medicine  , 57-60DOI: ( /j.legalmed )
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6. Fig. 4
Cranial view of the skull base. a) A 1.0 × 1.5 cm bone defect was noted adjacent to the left side of the sella turcica (white arrow). b) The wound track from the right nostril emerged from the bone defect of the left side of the sella turcica in the left middle cranial fossa (white arrow).
Legal Medicine  , 57-60DOI: ( /j.legalmed )
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7. Fig. 5
Caudal view of the base of the brain. A cerebral contusion 2 × 1.5 cm in size on the infra inner side edge of the left temporal lobe was observed (white arrow).
Legal Medicine  , 57-60DOI: ( /j.legalmed )
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