1. The Brain

2. The Brain
4 Major regions
Cerebrum
Diencephalon
Brain stem
Cerebellum

3. Cerebrum Divided into 2 cerebral hemispheres (left and right)
Makes up half of the brain’s mass
The surface is made of ridges(gyri) and grooves (sulci)

4. Gray matter – outer layer, composed of cell bodies
Layers of the cerebrum
Gray matter – outer layer, composed of cell bodies
Cerebral cortex
White matter – inner layer, composed of axons (myelin makes it white
Cerebral medulla

5. Language formation and voluntary body movements
Last lobe to fully develop in young adulthood
Controls responses to complex problems through reasoning, judgement, decision making, and planning.
Guides appropriate behavior, self-awareness, and personality
Language formation and voluntary body movements

6. Regulates memory creation, memory storage, emotions, hearing, understanding language, organization and sequencing

7. Receives and processes somatosensory information (pain, pressure, and touch) from the body to create a map of the body’s position
Interpretation of language and words

8. Receives and processes visual information (light, color, movement) and sends it to other parts of the brain for further processing and storage

10. Large band of nerve fibers that connect right and left hemispheres of the cerebrum to relay information
Integrates motor, sensory, and cognitive performances to the same region on the other side

11. 3 layers of connective tissue (dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater) and cerebrospinal fluid
Provide protection against physical impact and infection (blood-brain barrier)

12. Outer 3mm of gray matter of cerebrum
Controls most body functions (consciousness, sensory & motor processing, reasoning, language, etc.)
*Neurons in the cerebral cortex are so densely packed that they make up 70% of all the neurons in the nervous system

13. 4 interconnected fluid-filled chambers that are continuous with the spinal cord allowing cerebrospinal fluid to circulate for transport of substances
Each contains a choroid plexus that produces CSF

14. Diencephalon Sits on top of the brain stem, enclosed by cerebrum
Composed of 3 parts
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Epithalamus

15. Receives info and relays to the proper portion of the cerebrum

16. Regulates homeostasis - body temperature, water balance, blood pressure, and metabolism
Releases hormones to control the pituitary gland

17. Epithalamus
Houses pineal gland which produces melatonin – regulates sleep cycle (circadian rhythms)

18. Master endocrine gland – secretes hormones that control other glands

19. Brain Stem Attaches brain to spinal cord Composed of 3 parts Midbrain
Pons
Medulla Oblongata

20. Reflex centers for vision and hearing
Two bulging fiber tracts – cerebral peduncles

21. Bulging center portion of brain stem
Regulates breathing, relays information between cerebellum and cerebrum
Contains 4 cranial nerves to transfer information between face and brain

22. Merges with spinal cord
Controls heart rate, blood pressure, breathing, swallowing, vomiting

23. Regulates coordination, balance, posture, speech, and movement