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The Hydrosphere Lecture 04 Chapter 4
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The isotope water cycle
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Global Meteoric Water Line
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GMWL = many LMWLs
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Evaporation
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Evaporation of small reservoir
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Evaporation of infinite reservoir
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Evaporation slopes
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Deuterium excess and relative humidity
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Local Meteoric Water Lines
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Rayleigh Distillation
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IAEA GNIP Stations
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Global Distribution From Bowen, Geology. Bowen, G.J. and Wilkinson, B., Spatial distribution of delta O-18 in meteoric precipitation. Geology, 30(4):
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Temperature Effect Clark and Fritz, p. 65
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Continental effect
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Continental Effect in Alaska
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Altitude effect Dd180 = d18O at base of mountain minus d18O value higher up
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Altitude effect
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Altitude gradients
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Amount effect
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Source effect
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Seasonal effect
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Seasonal/Source effect at LAS
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Isoscapes Based on Multiple regression analysis of linear correlations to climate/physiographic parameters Or… Contouring/kriging (spatial interpolation).
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Groundwaters
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Leviathan Cave, NV Drips and pool waters vary from δ18O = to ‰ Consistent with winter precipitation in Las Vegas
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Geothermal systems
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Basinal Brines/Formation waters
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Ice core paleoclimatology
Quelccaya Ice Cap - Peru
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The Greenland Ice Sheet record
Dansgaard: d18O = 0.69*T-13.6 How much was temperature depressed during the full glacial period? Any assumptions?
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The Antarctic Ice Sheet record
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