1. Weather vs. Climate
Weather – the short-term condition of the atmosphere over an area.
Climate – the average of weather conditions in a region over a long-term period of time.
L.O: SWBAT explain what climate is & the factors that cause climate.

2. Factors that affect climate:
Latitude (angle of insolation)
Elevation
Topography
Proximity to bodies of water
Prevailing winds
Human factors
L.O: SWBAT explain what climate is & the factors that cause climate.

3. Angle of Insolation
Recall: Insolation = Incoming solar radiation (energy from the sun)
At high latitudes there is a low angle of insolation, so temperatures are cooler.
At low latitudes there is a high angle of insolation, so temperatures are warmer.

4. More on Insolation
Our seasons occur due to changes in the angle of insolation
Day length and intensity of insolation have a huge factor on temperatures
Greater day length = more insolation
Greater intensity of insolation = warmer temperatures.

5. Elevation
Recall: Air temperature decreases with height above sea level (altitude)
The greater the altitude of a location, the lower the temperature.
Which would be warmer, the base lodge of a ski resort or the top of the mountain?

6. Topography
Recall: Mountains force air to rise on the windward side and sink on the leeward side.
Windward – the side of a hill the wind is blowing toward
Leeward – the side of a hill that the wind is blowing away from

7. Air Contracts and Warms
Oragraphic Lift
Air Contracts and Warms
Very Dry
Moisture Gone
Air Expands and Cools
Rain Falls

8. Proximity to Large Bodies of Water
Think Pair Share
Below are NYC and LI temperatures. what do you notice about them? Using the hint above can you make a statement about cities close to water
Recall: Water takes a long time to warm up and a long time to cool down.
Summer – Large bodies of water keep surrounding land cooler
Winter – Large bodies of water keep surrounding land warmer
New York City
Long Island

9. Lake effect snowstorms:

10. Lake-effect snowstorms: land nearby lakes often have a lot of snowstorms in the winter
Cold air blows evaporated moist from a warm water lake towards the cold land, where it turns into snow.

11. Cities near Lake Ontario and Lake Erie have a lot of lake-effect snowstorms in the winter

12. *****Ocean currents:

13. COLD CURRENTS bring cold water & air from the poles towards the Equator. They cool nearby land
CALIFORNIA CURRENT IS A FAMOUS COLD CURRENT THAT COOLS THE WESTERN USA

14. WARM CURRENTS warm nearby land as they carry warm air & water from the Equator towards the poles
The GULF STREAM IS A FAMOUS WARM OCEAN CURRENT THAT WARMS THE eastern USA, ENGLAND & NORTHERN EUROPE

15. The GULF STREAM, the CALIFORNIA CURRENT, THE PERU CURRENT, the N
The GULF STREAM, the CALIFORNIA CURRENT, THE PERU CURRENT, the N. ATLANTIC CURRENT

16. Prevailing Winds
Equator – warm, moist air rises producing a humid climate.
Sub-Polar Highs (30 degrees N and S latitude) – air is sinking, producing a dry climate

17. The earth has huge planetary wind systems in the upper troposphere.
The prevailing wind systems are responsible for
local weather.
The earth has huge planetary wind systems in the upper troposphere.

18. The planetary winds cause the ocean currents to curve.

19. MONSOONS:

20. SUMMER MONSSON WINDS BRING MARITIME TROPICAL AIR (WARM WET WEATHER) FROM THE OCEAN TO THE LAND
WINTER MONSSON WINDS BRING CONTINENTAL POLAR (COLD DRY WEATHER) FROM THE AIR FROM THE HIMALAYA MOUNTAINS.

21. Climate & the water cycle: evaporation vs. precipitation

22. Water continually cycles through the environment (the water cycle)
Precipitation: water falling from the sky.
evaporation: water (vapor) returning to the sky.

23. climates are often a result of the amount of precipitation versus the amount of evaporation.

24. a lot evaporation = desert
A lot of precipitation = rain forest
precipitation
evaporation

25. HUMAN Factors
Recall: Dark objects absorb more radiation than light objects.
Cities contain much asphalt (dark color) and therefore heat up faster.
Since skyscrapers are tall, they can cause air to rise and form clouds