1. Dual Status Youth and their Families:
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Dual Status Youth and their Families:
Altering the Human and Fiscal Toll Through Improved Youth & System Outcomes
Jessica Heldman, Associate Executive Director
Robert F. Kennedy National Resource Center for Juvenile Justice
&
Kari L. Harp, Independent Consultant
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2. perhaps the clearest mirror of our performance,
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“Here in America today,
perhaps the clearest mirror
of our performance,
the truest measure of whether
we live up to our ideals,
is our youth.”
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5. Pathway to Delinquency
Maltreated Children:
Pathway to Delinquency
Juvenile Arrest = 59% more likely (Widom and Maxfield, 2001)
Adult Arrest = 28% more likely (Widom and Maxfield, 2001)
Violent Offense = 30% more likely
neglected = same risk as abused: (Widom and Maxfield, 2001)
Younger at time of their first arrest (Snyder, 2001)
Arrested more frequently (Snyder, 2001)
Commit nearly twice as many offenses (Snyder, 2001)

6. Maltreated Children: Associated Risk Factors for Violence
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Maltreated Children: Associated Risk Factors for Violence
Resulting trauma from abuse or neglect
Trauma from out-of-home placements
Substance abuse to deal with trauma/pain
Can interrupt normal developmental processes leading to learning disabilities, cognitive impairments and poor social skills
Learning disabilities and poor social skills can lead to school difficulties and/or violent behavior
Mental Health Risk Factors
Parenting attributes such as harsh discipline, lack of nurturing, substance abuse, mental illness, poor supervision, ignoring or rejecting the child
Parental incarceration
Low income/minority neighborhoods lead to more exposure to violence increasing likelihood of violence
Social Environment Risk Factors
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7. Prevalence in the JJ System
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Maltreated Children:
Prevalence in the JJ System
King County, WA: “Doorways to Delinquency”. Halemba and Siegel, 2011
2006 calendar year - tracked through 2008
n = 4475 youth
67% of JJ youth had some form of CW involvement
89% off JJ youth with 2+ prior offenses had CW involvement
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8. Abused or Neglected Children: Outcomes Once in CW + JJ System
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Abused or Neglected Children:
Outcomes Once in CW + JJ System
Detained at an earlier age (Halemba and Siegel, 2011)
Detained more frequently (Halemba and Siegel, 2011)
Detained for longer periods of time than youth with no CW involvement (Halemba and Siegel, 2011)
Recidivism: 57% of 1st time offenders with a CW history recidivated within two years vs. a 30% recidivism rate for those with no CW history. (Halemba and Siegel, 2011)
Los Angeles: ½ of youth with probation only had jail stay in early adulthood vs 2/3 young adults with CW and JJ. (Hilton Foundation, 2011)
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9. Dual Status Youth Dually – Identified Youth Dually-Involved Youth
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Dual Status Youth
Dually – Identified Youth
Dually-Involved Youth
Dually-Adjudicated Youth
court
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10. DUAL STATUS YOUTH INITIATIVE: Historical Development
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DUAL STATUS YOUTH INITIATIVE:
Historical Development
Initial Grant - Raised awareness of the relationship and trajectory
2003 – Launch of site-based work
Created the Guidebook detailing a new framework for multi-system coordination
Revised Guidebook
2011 – Models for Change /OJJDP 4-site Project launched
Revised Guidebook (3rd edition); Dual Status Youth - Technical Assistance Workbook
Guidebook for Juvenile Justice
and Child Welfare System
Coordination and Integration:
Framework for Improved Outcomes
Dual Status Youth –
Technical Assistance Workbook 10
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11. DUAL STATUS YOUTH INITIATIVE 2014:
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DUAL STATUS YOUTH INITIATIVE 2014:
Taking a Closer Look
Early intervention
Alternative response
Trauma screening
Cross-system mapping
Organizational culture change
Family engagement
Performance measurement
Youth outcome clarity
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12. DUAL STATUS YOUTH INITIATIVE
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DUAL STATUS YOUTH INITIATIVE
Massachusetts
Essex County
Hampden County*
Suffolk County
Minnesota
Beltrami County
White Earth Indian Nation  
New Jersey
Middlesex County*
Washington
Clark County*
King County*
Spokane County*
Wisconsin
Outagamie County*
State of Arizona
California
Los Angeles County*
Santa Clara County*
Connecticut*
Connecticut Judicial Branch, Court Support Services Division
Georgia
Newton County*
Illinois
Cook County*
DuPage County*
Ogle County
Peoria County
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13. DUAL STATUS YOUTH INITIATIVE - Framework
FOUR PHASE PROCESS:
I. MOBILIZATION / ADVOCACY
II. STUDY & ANALYSIS
- Data Collection, Mgmt., &
Performance Measurement
- Resources and Practice
- Law, Policy, and Information Sharing
III. ACTION STRATEGY
IV. IMPLEMENTATION
Guidebook for Juvenile Justice & Child Welfare Systems Coordination & Integration:
A Framework for Improved Outcomes
(2004; Revised 2008; 3rd edition 2013)

14. DESIRED OUTCOMES: Findings Action Strategy Implementation
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DESIRED OUTCOMES:
Reduce recidivism
Improve family functioning
Reduce out-of–home placement
Improve behavioral health
Increase individual competencies
Improve educational performance
Increase pro-social bonds
System(s) performance enhancement
Findings
Recommendations
Action Strategy
Implementation
Desired Outcomes
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15. Recommended Practices for Handling
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Recommended Practices for Handling
Dual Status Youth
Routine identification of dual status youth
Individualized outcomes
Validated screening and assessment instruments
Alternatives to formal processing at earliest opportunity and key decision points
Engagement of families
Joint assessment process across systems that includes families
Coordinated
case planning
court processes
case management
Focus on family stability, placement stability, and community connections

16. Recommended Products for Handling
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Recommended Products for Handling
Dual Status Youth
 MOU detailing the various
agencies’ commitments to cross
system collaboration & coordination
 Information sharing agreement
 Data sharing agreement
 List of desired system and youth
and family outcomes
 Case flow process map & narrative
 Policy and protocol documentation
 Assessment inventory
 Resources inventory
 System for data collection and
management to measure the
achievement of outcomes
 Multi-system training plan
 Implementation Manual

17. Hampden County, MA Target Population Desired Outcomes Practices
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Hampden County, MA
Target Population
Desired Outcomes
Practices
Products
Youth who are arraigned on a delinquent offense and are already involved in Child Welfare (current investigation, voluntary application, care and protection, Child Requiring Assistance) DUALLY INVOLVED
Fewer violations of Probation
Greater stability of placements
Better educational results
Increased connections to pro-social activities
Better permanency planning
Identification of dually-involved youth at arraignment
Engagement of families
Coordinated case conference w/youth & family, school personnel, Probation Officer, Asst. DA, Social Worker, MH, school personnel
Identify alternatives to formal processing (diversion)
Dedicated docket
Cross system trauma-informed training
Hired parent advocate
Data collection efforts
MOU focused on Information sharing and release of information
Case flow process maps
Implementation manual
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19. Technical Assistance/Consultation
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DUAL STATUS YOUTH INITIATIVE
Technical Assistance/Consultation
Presentations/Training
Practice Network
Publications
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20. 11/15/2018
Robert F. Kennedy Children's Action Corps RFK National Resource Center for Juvenile Justice
11 Beacon Street, Suite 820 Boston, MA 02108
Telephone: Central Office
John A. Tuell, MA, Executive Director Home office: / Mobile:
Jessica Heldman, JD, Associate Executive Director Home office:
Kari L. Harp, MS, Independent Consultant Telephone:
Sorrel Dilanian, MA, Director of Program Administration
Telephone:
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